Poultry farms in Russia use machines for sorting chicken eggs, which determine the category by weight. Eggs are ovoscoping, that is, the evaluation of the main parameters of the egg contents: the condition of air cell, position of yolk and protein density. The category is assigned based on the worst indicator. During ovoscoping, the device receives only part of the image of the shell, which reduces the accuracy of category assigning and it is not possible to fully check the shell of a chicken egg for the microcracks. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the optoelectronic device for sorting chicken eggs, which will detect microcracks on the shell, as well as improve the accuracy of category assigning. (Materials and methods) The article presents a device for sorting chicken eggs. (Results and discussion) This device was upgraded by adding a camera and changing the distribution mechanism. The improved installation works as follows: a chicken egg is fed via a conveyor to a switchgear that has holes with clips; when the disk is rotated, the product is scanned with two cameras. The resulting image is fed to a computer, where using the algorithm "recognition of alfalfa seed parameters", the main parameters of the egg are calculated and a category for the product is assigned. Authors obtained a complete image of the surface of a chicken egg and determined the presence of microcracks on the shell. (Conclusions) The algorithm used requires several additional calculations to determine the state of the air chamber, the position of the yolk and protein density, and microcracks on the surface of the shell.

Modern laboratory devices for counting the seeds are widely used in grain-cleaning enterprises and in research and agricultural centers, but they have disadvantages. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in design an innovative compact automatic optical-electronic plant for counting the seeds, which will have a minimum size and function according to a pre-set algorithm. (Materials and methods) The article describes the determined parameters of an optoelectronic device for counting the number of grains, taking into account the requirements for laboratory devices for counting the seeds of various agricultural crops. Authors have studied the operation of a device for counting the seeds of various agricultural crops using a designed algorithm. The installation has been modernized. The feeding mechanism has been changed and modern optoelectronic elements have been added to the recognition system, which make it possible to perform high-quality seed counting. (Results and discussion) It was found that the optocouplers added to the design after an experimental study of 10.000 seeds of wheat, corn, sunflower, rice, and oats showed deviations in time depending on the culture of 5-10 percent. (Conclusions) It was found that the design of an automatic optoelectronic plant for counting the number of seeds provides an effective process of working according to a predetermined algorithm with high accuracy of estimating the number of seeds (an error of about 1.8 percent). The device has a minimum overall size (3-5 kilograms). It was found that using a DC motor allows to create vibration on the plane for feeding seeds to the analysis zone. The developed installation has a minimum number of elements, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of its operation and durability to several decades.

The production of chicken eggs in the world, without slowing down, has passed for 1 trillion pieces. In conditions of saturation and oversaturation of many local markets, food eggs are transported to other remote regions or stored in warehouses, store shelves, losing their freshness and nutritional quality. The ozone can be used to disinfect the surface of chicken eggs, which suppresses microorganisms. Based on the disinfection and disinsection properties of ozone, it is proposed to treat chicken eggs with ozonated air after sorting them by opto-electronic method. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a method for surface disinfection and optoelectronic sorting of food and refrigerator chicken eggs, studying the effectiveness of the performed operations in comparison with traditional methods. (Materials and methods) Authors studied the efficiency of the optoelectronic system for sorting and electrozoning chicken eggs on the basis of a laboratory installation in the Kuban State Agrarian University. The reliability of the results is confirmed by a multiply repetition of research and reproducibility of the data, the use of generally accepted methods, instruments, and mathematical processing of experimental data. (Results and discussion) The article presents an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of electrozoning of chicken eggs in comparison with traditional methods. The article describes rational parameters and modes of operation of the optoelectronic installation for monitoring chicken egg shells. (Conclusions) The article presents an analytical description of the ratio of the main parameters of an optoelectronic installation for monitoring chicken egg shells. The article presents a basic electrical diagram for studying the parameters and operating modes of the installation. The greatest efficiency of electrosonation of chicken eggs is achieved when the ozone concentration is of 1000 milligrams per cubic meter and the ozonation time is 30 minutes; up to 99 percent of harmful microorganisms and viruses on the shell are eliminated.

No abstract

The grain industry is an important branch of agriculture. It is directly related to the harvesting, transportation, storage and processing of grain. To ensure the high quality of grain bulk products, there are currently used various electrotechnological grain cleaning plants. The most modern and effective are optoelectronic grain sort-ers (photo separators). However, there are a number of technological and structural disadvantages that reduce the efficiency of separating the grain mass into fractions and the performance of photo separators. That is why the problem of increasing the efficiency of optoelectronic installations for sorting agricultural grain products is urgent. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in development of an electrotechnological optoelectronic installation with justification of the parameters and modes of its operation. (Materials and methods) The development of an optoelectronic system for sorting agricultural grain products was carried out in accordance with the theoretical laws of mechanics, electrical engineering and optics, as well as on the basis of the norms and requirements of GOST for grain products. Testing of the efficiency of this unit was carried out on the basis of a laboratory unit in the Kuban State Agrarian University. The reliability of the results is confirmed by the repeated repetition of the conducted studies and the reproducibility of the obtained results, the use of generally accepted methods, devices, and mathematical processing of experimental data. (Results and discussion) The article presents the technological scheme and technical characteristics of the optoelectronic installation for the analysis and sorting of agricultural grain products, and parameters and modes of its operation. The main elements of this installation are: feed conveyors and an electromagnetic drum that provide a piecebypiece supply of seeds to the analysis zone, an optical unit of cameras for obtaining a threedimensional image of seeds, an executive unit for the rejection of grain products (pneumatic ejectors). (Conclusions) An experimental study of the efficiency of the designed installation was carried out. This device can be used for sorting analysis of various grain products: wheat, corn, barley, rice, buckwheat. The results of the study showed the high efficiency of the developed optoelectronic plant for the separation of grain products into fractions (the separation accuracy reaches 98%). The article reveals the possibility of determining phytopathologies by means of color analysis of seed images.