Poultry farms in Russia use machines for sorting chicken eggs, which determine the category by weight. Eggs are ovoscoping, that is, the evaluation of the main parameters of the egg contents: the condition of air cell, position of yolk and protein density. The category is assigned based on the worst indicator. During ovoscoping, the device receives only part of the image of the shell, which reduces the accuracy of category assigning and it is not possible to fully check the shell of a chicken egg for the microcracks. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the optoelectronic device for sorting chicken eggs, which will detect microcracks on the shell, as well as improve the accuracy of category assigning. (Materials and methods) The article presents a device for sorting chicken eggs. (Results and discussion) This device was upgraded by adding a camera and changing the distribution mechanism. The improved installation works as follows: a chicken egg is fed via a conveyor to a switchgear that has holes with clips; when the disk is rotated, the product is scanned with two cameras. The resulting image is fed to a computer, where using the algorithm "recognition of alfalfa seed parameters", the main parameters of the egg are calculated and a category for the product is assigned. Authors obtained a complete image of the surface of a chicken egg and determined the presence of microcracks on the shell. (Conclusions) The algorithm used requires several additional calculations to determine the state of the air chamber, the position of the yolk and protein density, and microcracks on the surface of the shell.

Modern laboratory devices for counting the seeds are widely used in grain-cleaning enterprises and in research and agricultural centers, but they have disadvantages. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in design an innovative compact automatic optical-electronic plant for counting the seeds, which will have a minimum size and function according to a pre-set algorithm. (Materials and methods) The article describes the determined parameters of an optoelectronic device for counting the number of grains, taking into account the requirements for laboratory devices for counting the seeds of various agricultural crops. Authors have studied the operation of a device for counting the seeds of various agricultural crops using a designed algorithm. The installation has been modernized. The feeding mechanism has been changed and modern optoelectronic elements have been added to the recognition system, which make it possible to perform high-quality seed counting. (Results and discussion) It was found that the optocouplers added to the design after an experimental study of 10.000 seeds of wheat, corn, sunflower, rice, and oats showed deviations in time depending on the culture of 5-10 percent. (Conclusions) It was found that the design of an automatic optoelectronic plant for counting the number of seeds provides an effective process of working according to a predetermined algorithm with high accuracy of estimating the number of seeds (an error of about 1.8 percent). The device has a minimum overall size (3-5 kilograms). It was found that using a DC motor allows to create vibration on the plane for feeding seeds to the analysis zone. The developed installation has a minimum number of elements, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of its operation and durability to several decades.

The production of chicken eggs in the world, without slowing down, has passed for 1 trillion pieces. In conditions of saturation and oversaturation of many local markets, food eggs are transported to other remote regions or stored in warehouses, store shelves, losing their freshness and nutritional quality. The ozone can be used to disinfect the surface of chicken eggs, which suppresses microorganisms. Based on the disinfection and disinsection properties of ozone, it is proposed to treat chicken eggs with ozonated air after sorting them by opto-electronic method. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a method for surface disinfection and optoelectronic sorting of food and refrigerator chicken eggs, studying the effectiveness of the performed operations in comparison with traditional methods. (Materials and methods) Authors studied the efficiency of the optoelectronic system for sorting and electrozoning chicken eggs on the basis of a laboratory installation in the Kuban State Agrarian University. The reliability of the results is confirmed by a multiply repetition of research and reproducibility of the data, the use of generally accepted methods, instruments, and mathematical processing of experimental data. (Results and discussion) The article presents an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of electrozoning of chicken eggs in comparison with traditional methods. The article describes rational parameters and modes of operation of the optoelectronic installation for monitoring chicken egg shells. (Conclusions) The article presents an analytical description of the ratio of the main parameters of an optoelectronic installation for monitoring chicken egg shells. The article presents a basic electrical diagram for studying the parameters and operating modes of the installation. The greatest efficiency of electrosonation of chicken eggs is achieved when the ozone concentration is of 1000 milligrams per cubic meter and the ozonation time is 30 minutes; up to 99 percent of harmful microorganisms and viruses on the shell are eliminated.

It is possible to achieve the required quality indicators of seed material when sorting the grain mass both after harvesting and before sowing crops in the fields. The most effective method of grain purification from impurities is optoelectronic sorting due to the use of a wide range of selective features. One of the main indicators of the efficiency of an optoelectronic installation for sorting of seed material is the positive effect obtained as a result of an economic assessment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is assessing the damage caused by plant diseases to farms and calculation the economic effect of using modern optoelectronic technologies of machine vision to identify phytopathologies at an early stage of wheat seed development. (Materials and methods) The economic efficiency of the optoelectronic device for seed sorting developed at the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin was determined in accordance with GOST R 57330-2016 «Industrial automation systems and integration. Maintenance and repair systems. Key performance indicators» and taking into account reference data. It was shown that the reliability of the results is confirmed by the multiple repetition of studies and the reproducibility of the results obtained, the use of generally accepted methods, instruments and mathematical processing of experimental data. (Results and discussion) It was found that when used for sowing in the fields of a fraction of seeds sorted by an optoelectronic installation with high germination, it is possible to reduce the seeding rate of winter wheat from 192.1 to 182.2 kilograms per hectare, and the specific economic effect per hectare is 198 rubles. It was revealed that the net annual profit per 1200 hectares from the introduction of an optoelectronic installation for pre-sowing sorting of seeds will amount to 237,600 rubles; the payback period of the proposed installation is 1 year 3 months. (Conclusions) It was stated that an optoelectronic device for sorting seeds of various agricultural crops is effective from an economic point of view both at grain cleaning enterprises and in laboratories for analyzing the quality of grain products.

Sable is considered a symbol of Russia. Animal furs were obtained by hunting. This was the main reason for the decrease in the number of the animals, which was almost exterminated. This situation was changed by hunting scientists who started breeding it in nurseries and releasing it. Russia is a leading country that supplies furs to the world market. It is important to design a sable farm correctly, taking into account scientific developments in achieving economic profit without disturbing the animal population. The most widespread technology is the breeding of ground-type cellular. However, this technology has a number of disadvantages. Therefore, the development of optimal technology for breeding with maximum economic effect and low costs of human labor is an urgent problem in the fur industry. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting an analytical review of existing technologies for breeding sables and develop a multi-level optical-electronic system for monitoring the vital activity of sables in underground cell content. (Materials and methods) The article considers the main advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies for keeping and breeding sables. (Results and discussion) Authors propose a technology for underground cell keeping of sables with automatic control of microclimate and animal life in order to improve the quality of furs and reduce labor costs. The article determines the possibility of implementing optimal conditions for the normal life of sables not only in the North, but also in regions with high temperatures. (Conclusions) The article presents a scheme for a multi-level underground sable farm of a cellular type with optoelectronic control of the microclimate and vital activity of animals. The article presents an analytical description of the main parameters and the algorithm of operation of a multi-level optical-electronic system for monitoring the vital activity of sables.