Temperature is an important component of the climate. The temperature of a developing city or state is constantly changing. The trend in temperature change in Nigeria is not consistent. Changes in temperature appear to be closely related to concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The degree of concentration depends on human interventions and the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface. Lagos State particularly in recent time has experienced decrease in vegetation and water pervious surfaces, which reduces surface temperature through evapotranspiration. This is as a result of rapid urbanization arising from inundating rural-urban migration. One of the implications is that anthropogenic heat is released to the environment due to energy consumption and increased impervious surface coverage thereby increasing the surface and atmospheric temperatures. LandSat Satellite imageries have been used to estimate Land Surface Temperature (LST) and urban thermal conditions. The mean LST result shows that, there is a significant increase in the temperature values from 1984 to 2002 (28.40 0 C-28.86 0 C). However, in 2006 the temperature decreases significantly to 28.37 0 C below 2002 temperatures in all LGAs. This variation could be attributed to the economic crisis/power outage in Nigeria which left manufacturing companies out of production/manufacturing between 2002 and 2006. Findings from this study reveals that there is a relationship between the surface temperature and the various Land Cover types. It shows a broad classification of the Land Cover types into Water bodies, Vegetation and Built-up areas respectively. With the spatial resolution and temporal coverage of two Landsat data of the environment, the derivation of the temperature information was achieved.

Determination of height information using the classical field surveying and geodetic methods is rather expensive, rigorous and time consuming. It is also limited in the capacity of the earth surface data gathered. These conventional topographic mapping technologies have produced maps with a variety of scales and of uneven quality -some with astounding accuracy, some far less adequate. A good alternative is the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) which provides an excellent base data for extracting heights for topographic mapping. This will ameliorate the present situation. The SRTM space mission produced the most complete, highest resolution digital elevation model of the Earth. This study is aimed at developing a model for the transformation of the SRTM heights from WGS84 datum to the Nigerian height system (Minna datum) using SRTM derived DEM, topographic map and Global Positioning System (GPS) data of some parts of Lagos state, Nigeria. The chosen site corresponds to the area covered by one map sheet at the scale of 1: 25,000 (13.8km x 13.8km) which is 190.44sq.km. Software such as Globalmapper, Surfer 8.0 and ArcGIS 9.3 were used for specialized data processing and analysis. However, the datasets obtained were first projected to a common system and subsequently harmonized. This was carried out with an overlay of GPS points on the grid based SRTM and topographic DEM surfaces of the environment. Results showed deviation in heights with coinciding planimetry data. The average absolute error of the SRTM DEM for our test site was gotten as +/-0.22087m. Finally, by modelling this vertical shift, a transformation model that is accurate with a standard error of 0.238m was developed.