Objectives: This study aimed to compare the dentin block (D-group) harvested from impacted wisdom teeth with autogenous ramus bone block (A-group) for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. Materials and methods:Forty-two patients with anterior missing teeth and horizontal ridge defect were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 21 per group) to receive either dentin block group or autogenous bone block. Six months after the augmentation, dental implants were placed in all patients, and a core biopsy was performed for histological evaluation in addition to clinical and radiographic evaluation using cone beam computed tomography. The primary outcome was the mean overall clinical ridge width gain (CRWG) after 6 months of augmentation. Secondary outcomes were the overall radiographic ridge width gain (RRWG) after 6 months of augmentation and descriptive histological analysis with histomorphometric assessment of bone fraction %.Results: All sites healed uneventfully, and the mean overall CRWG 6 months after augmentation was 3.52 ± 0.56 mm and 2.24 ± 0.86 mm in the D and A groups, respectively, with statistically significant difference between them (P ≤ .001). The overall mean RRWG was 3.61 ± 0.61 mm and 3.41 ± 1.15 mm in D and A groups, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between them (p = .062). The histomorphometric analysis of the bone area fraction was 42.6% and 41.3% in D and A groups, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between the two values (p = .89, Student's t-test). Histological evaluation in the D-group revealed new bone formation, viable cells, and matrix formation on the dentin block periphery, in addition to well-organized woven bone that suggests dentin block remodeling and supports new bone deposition. Conclusion:The present clinical study revealed that dentin block may serve as an alternative graft to support horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. Dentin blocks showed less resorption than autogenous bone blocks.

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Compared to the currently clinically available bone grafting materials for alveolar ridge augmentation, there is a great demand for bioactive bone substitutes with higher resorbability, which enhance osteogenesis at the same time. This has prompted the development of a silicon-doped rapidly resorbable calcium alkali orthophosphate (Si-CAOP) and silicon-doped β-tricalcium phosphate (Si-TCP). This study evaluated the effect of these two particulate graft materials as compared to the currently clinically used β-TCP on bone formation and osteogenic marker expression after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of implantation in critical size defects in the sheep scapula. Immunohistochemical analysis of collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin expression was performed on resin embedded sections. The bone and particle area fraction and the bone-biomaterial contact were determined histomorphometrically. After 2 weeks and 1 month defects grafted with Si-CAOP displayed a significantly greater bone area fraction, bone-particle-contact, osteogenic marker expression and significantly lower particle area fraction than defects grafted with Si-TCP and TCP. By 3 and 6 months all materials studied mediated excellent defect regeneration with further bone remodeling at 12 and 18 months. Taken together, Si-CAOP induced the most expeditious bone regeneration of critical size defects in the sheep scapula. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.

Introduction: Patient centered outcome became of great interest nowadays. Patient's pain and discomfort following free gingival graft procedure are common complain. Different palatal dressings are suggested to cover and protect the palatal donor site as stents, collagen gelatin scaffolds, platelet rich fibrin (PRF), hyaluronic acid (HA) and Alvogyl. However, in the literature no ideal agent has been emphasized. Objectives: This randomized controlled clinical trial compares for the first-time the effect of PRF versus HA palatal wound dressings on postoperative pain, post-surgical bleeding, and wound healing. Materials and methods: Following sample size calculation, 30 systemically healthy patients requiring palatal mucosal graft harvesting were randomized to receive either PRF or HA (intervention groups) or gelatin sponge (control group) as palatal dressings. Patient-reported visual analogue score (VAS) pain scores as primary outcome. Post-surgical bleeding and wound healing were considered as secondary outcomes. Results: VAS pain scores were reported minimal in PRF group throughout follow up intervals, PRF was statistically significant when compared to HA group at 3 and 7 days postoperative, PRF was statistically significant when compared to control group from 3 to 30 days postoperative and VAS in PRF was nearly 0 in day 14. PRF group showed the highest value of healing index during all the follow up intervals with mean 4.4 at 30 days that indicates a full healing of palatal wound area. Conclusions: Within this study's limitations, PRF had better outcomes than both HA and gelatin sponge in means of cost, pain reduction, hemostasis and healing properties.