The Covid-19 that occurred in recent years has had an impact on public health as well as the economic sector. It has caused the Indonesian economy to experience a slump in the second quarter of 2020 until the real GDP contracted and its value became IDR 2,590 trillion, which previously was IDR 2,735 trillion in the second quarter of 2019. Accordingly, the government announced Presidential Decree No. 12 of April 13, 2020, on the determination of non-natural disasters due to the spread of COVID-19 in 2019, a national disaster, making use of it. The issue is that the economic impact affects creditors in paying their obligations to debtors. The problem is that the emergency status of Covid-19 does not necessarily cause force majeure that has an impact on losses for creditors. Therefore, it is necessary to form a state agency that specifically issues force majeure certificates like in China so that it can be used as a reference that the debtor is proven to have experienced force majeure. This certificate serves the purpose of proof which will ultimately be considered among all relevant factors by the court. Because in Indonesia, the only way to interpret force majeure in court is based solely on the opinion of the judge, and the creditor’s position does not have strong evidence to prove in a state of force majeure. The formulation of the problem in this study is: what about the concept of force majeure for loan protection in Indonesia? How to Establish a Legal Entity Providing Force Majeure in Indonesia Design Certificate? Keywords: force majeure certificates, creditor protection, Covid-19

ABSRTAK Hak Terkait (Neighbouring Right) dengan Hak Cipta merupakan hak eksklusif bagi Pelaku yang dapat terdiri dari artis film/telivisi, pemusik, penari, pelawak dan lain sebagainya untuk menyiarkan pertunjukannya. Yang dimaksud dengan menyiarkan termasuk menyewakan, melakukan pertunjukan umum (Public Performance), mengkomunikasikan pertunjukan langsung (Live Performance), dan mengkomunikasikan secara interaktis suatu karya rekaman suara pelaku. Selain pelaku, juga produser rekaman suara dan lembaga penyiaran mempunyai hak-hak terkait. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 5 Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta (UUHC) dapat diketahui bahwa yang dimaksud Hak Terkait adalah hak yang berkaitan dengan Hak Cipta yang merupakan hak eksklusif bagi Pelaku Pertunjukan, Produser Fonogram atau Lembaga Penyiaran. Judul Penelitian ini adalah Determinasi Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Hak atas Neighbouring Right Dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta dengan rumusan masalah. 1. Bagaimana Problematika Pemegang Hak atas Neighbouring Right Dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta? 2. Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Hak atas Neighbouring Right Dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta?Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perkembangan globalisasi memberikan kontribusi dengan banyaknya karya cipta seperti lagu, film, acara televisi yang sering disalah gunakan oleh orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab seperti memperbanyak, memasarkan dan segala upaya untuk memperoleh keuntungan finansial, sehingga pencipta atau pemilik hak cipta merasa dirugikan baik dari segi Hak Moral maupun Hak Ekonomi. Karena inilah hak terkait dengan hak cipta lahir dengan tujuan untuk melindungi hak performers, produser rekaman dan lembaga penyiaran dari penyalahgunaan karya mereka. Perlindungan hukum untuk hak terkait diberikan melalui peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta juga melalui konvensi konvensi Internasional yaitu Konvensi Roma 1961, Konvensi Jenewa, dan Brussel Convention. Kata Kunci : Hak Terkait (Neighbouring Right), Hak Cipta, Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta

Permasalahan penyiaraan sangatlah kompleks yakni definisi dan pengawasan penyiaraan yang masih belum jelas, serta kewenangan KPI lemah untuk mengawasi media digital. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu: Pertama, pengawasan Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia atas Media Digital. Kedua, konsep dan praktek lembaga penyiaran terhadap pengawasan media digital di negara lain. Ketiga, desain pengawasan Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia terhadap pengawasan media digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, problematika hukum terhadap kedudukan KPI dalam pengawasan media digital yakni penafsiran frasa “media lainnya di Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Penyiaran”. Kedua, pengawasan media digital di Jerman dan Australia cukup maju untuk mengatur secara ketat penyiaraan digital dengan sistem terintegrasi misalnya Jerman mewajibkan youtube untuk mengintegrasikan UU penyiaran dalam sistem dan Australia melakukan take down apabila konten negatif dari domain lokal. Ketiga, desain penguatan lembaga KPI melalui perluasan kewenangan media digital, integrasi kelembagaan Polri dan Kominfo dan pendekatan “konvergensi media” bidang telekomunikasi, media dan internet dalam kerangka peraturan tunggal.The problem of broadcasting is very complex, consisting of the definition and supervision of broadcasting which is still unclear and the authority of KPI is still weak to supervise digital media. The research objectives are: First, to look at the legal problems of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission in supervising Digital Media. Second, the concept and practice of broadcasters on digital media surveillance in other countries. Third, the design of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission's supervision of digital media supervision. The results of the study show that first, there are still legal problems with the position of KPI on digital media supervision. Second, digital media surveillance in Germany and Australia has been quite advanced which has strictly regulated broadcasting in digital with an integrated system. Third, the design is carried out by strengthening KPI institutions, institutional integration, and the "legislative convergence" approach.

Islamic financial scheme in practice is still causing problems in the wider community due to differences in perceptions that exist in the community. The principle of freedom of contract in Law No. 2 of 1960 concerning agricultural product sharing and Islamic law, especially related to agricultural product sharing and Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the civil code which stipulates that a legally made Agreement will apply like a law for the maker (Pacta Sunt Servanda principle), the word “all” means that every legal subject can make an agreement whose contents are about anything, legal subjects have the freedom to determine the form of the agreement. This normative research aims to analyse the legal ramifications of violating the concept of freedom of contract in agricultural product sharing from the viewpoints of Islamic law.  This result of this article found that the implementing of the revenue sharing system did not get a fair share, this was because at the time of the contract, farmers were in a weak position due to the need for money for children's education and other emergency needs, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.  The owner of the land has the right to obtain part of the crop on the farm managed by the cultivator and receive back the return of the land upon completion of the agreement.

The right to education for persons with disabilities is still a contemporary legal issue with legal and social problems. The laws and regulations governing the right to education with disabilities are still segregated for the research objectives, namely the Pattern of analyzing the educational arrangements for persons with disabilities and the ideal arrangements for achieving equality in education for persons with disabilities in Indonesia. This research method is categorized into normative legal research types. It is based on the issues and or themes raised as research topics using a philosophical and analytical research approach that is analyzed descriptively. The study results show that the segregated polarization of education for persons with disabilities is contained in Article 10 of Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities and Articles 5, 15 and 32 of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. The arrangement divides persons with disabilities into particular groups that have an impact on a homogeneous social environment. Therefore, the ideal design is educational equality, as in the United States, where people with disabilities attend regular schools. Besides that, it is necessary to have equal education for people with disabilities in the laws and regulations in Indonesia.