After a long follow-up period, both topographically guided two-step LASIK and standard LASIK could be considered effective and safe tools in the correction of refractive errors after successful PKP for keratoconus.

After storage at 4 degrees C for 48 hours and 1 week, the combined preparations showed a larger reduction in bevacizumab concentration than the control preparations. No significant change was observed with the length of storage. The preparations obtained mixing 4 mg/0.05 mL of TA and 1.25 mg/0.05 mL of bevacizumab maintained the highest anti-VEGF activity over time.

Purpose: A silicone band was sutured anteriorly to the edge of the lateral rectus muscle neotendon during recession surgery in order to reduce and delay the reoccurrence after exotropia surgery. Methods: Collected data of 12 patients (8 males and 4 females), aged 7-54 years with diagnosis of constant manifest exotropia and mean angle deviation in primary position of 15,04˚ (sd 1,18) for near and of 13,23˚ (sd 0,71) for distance. All patients underwent surgical treatment consisting of lateral rectus recession and silicone band apposition in correspondence to the anterior edge of the lateral rectus muscle neotendon. Results: A substantial reduction of the mean angle deviation was observed in all patients after surgery. No adverse band-related effects were detected. Conclusion: The silicone band in the surgical treatment of manifest exotropia could be a valuable aid in delaying the relapse thanks to its physical and structural features and to its biocompatibility.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in patients with acquired VI nerve palsy. Methods: Twenty-eight patients (16 F and 12 M), mean age 36.4 +/− 17.8 DS; range 10 -69 years with acquired VI nerve palsy, have been treated with BTX-A injection into the ipsilateral medial rectus, at least 6 months after onset. At 6 months follow up, a paresis and a paralysis, were respectively diagnosed if the affected eye could be actively abducted or not, across the mid-line; a simple horizontal rectus muscle procedure was performed for the paresis whilst for the paralysis, both a horizontal and vertical muscle transportation procedure were required. Results: A gradual physiological recovery of the lateral rectus muscle was observed in 9 (32%) patients (GROUP I) and surgical treatment was therefore unnecessary; the remaining 19 cases (68%), of which 5 paresis (GROUP II) and 14 paralysis (GROUP III) underwent surgery and within 1 year were all restored to orthotropia. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injection is an invaluable tool in the differential diagnosis between paresis versus paralysis of the VIth nerve, allowing the correct choice of surgical procedure.