In patients with preserved SR, device interrogation and evaluation of 24-h ECG are complementary methods to evaluate adequate CRT delivery. Therefore, both methods should be taken into account when assessing CRT function.

R/S variability in lead V1 between selected fragments of 24-hour ECG can be considered a predictor of potentially incomplete BIVP confirmed by further complete 24-hour ECG analysis in patients with appropriate pacing reported during DI.

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IntroductIon It is still unknown whether ischemia-inducing training in patients with stable angina is superior to the training conducted below the ischemic threshold (IT) according to the current guidelines.objectIves The aim of the study was to assess the influence of warm-up ischemia prior to training on the effects of training conducted either at or below the IT in patients with stable angina.PAtIents And methods Thirty male patients aged 56 ±8 years, after myocardial infarction, with stable angina and positive exercise test (ET1) were divided into 2 groups: group A included 18 patients with the warm-up effect, group B -12 patients without this effect. All patients followed an 8-week interval training program (TP). The intensity of training was planned to reach the heart rate at the IT. Successive ETs were performed immediately after the TP (ET2), at day 3 (ET3), day 10 (ET4), and at 1 month (ET5).results After the TP, there was a statistically significant improvement in group A in all analyzed variables except maximum ST depression (max STD). Maximal workload increased by 28%, walking distance by 24%, duration by 20%, and time to 1-mm STD by 28%. Max STD reduction amounted to 14% (P = 0.13). The beneficial effect of training on exercise-induced ischemia was maintained for up to 10 days (ET4) and on physical capacity for up to 1 month (ET5). In group B, the TP did not affect time to 1-mm STD, but physical capacity improved significantly and was maintained for up to 1 month (ET5).conclusIons The warm-up effect appears to be necessary to attenuate myocardial ischemia after training. Following the first positive ET (ET1), which was considered an initial ischemic stimulus, all patients re-exercised after 30 minutes (ET-30) so that patients who experienced the warm-up effect could be identified. Myocardial ischemia at the peak of ET-30 was considered reduced when the time to 1-mm STD was prolonged by at least 10%. Key wordsPatients in whom time to 1-mm STD prolonged significantly (8.37 ±3.43 vs. 10.24 ±4.08, P = 0.01), i.e., those in whom the warm-up effect during ET-30 was observed, were in group A (n = 18), whereas group B (n = 12) consisted of patients with unchanged time to positivity onset during P = nonsignificant). Then, all patients underwent an 8-week exercise TP, and echocardiography and ET (ET2) were repeated at the conclusion of the training protocol. Afterwards, all patients underwent successive ETs performed at days 3 (ET3), 10 (ET4), and at 1 month (ET5) after ending the TP.two-dimensional echocardiography Imaging was performed in the left lateral decubitus position using the VIVID 7 device (General Electric, United States) with a multifrequency transducer equipped with the Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) software. Cardiac chamber dimensions were measured according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Echocardiography. 12 Transmitral LV filling velocities at the tips of the mitral valve leaflets were obtained from the apical 4-chamb...