The susceptibilities of 159 clinical isolates of glucose nonfermentative gramnegative bacilli were determined for eight new monobactam or P-lactam antibiotics. Imipemide (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) was effective against the largest number of species, although not against Pseudomonas maltophilia. Cefoperazone and ceftazidime, but not cefsulodin, were active against infrequently isolated Pseudomonas species. Aztreonam, moxalactam, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime demonstrated selective activity against several species, including certain aminoglycoside-resistant isolates.Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causes of nosocomial infections. A wide variety of other aerobic gram-negative bacilli which are collectively characterized as being incapable of fermenting glucose, nonfermenters, are also encountered and are often resistant to extendedspectrum penicillins, first-and second-generation cephalosporins, or aminoglycosides (2,4,7,12). Newer-generation cephalosporins and related antibiotics containing a ,-lactam nucleus are highly active against many members of the Enterobacteriaceae and certain strains of P. aeruginosa (3,4,5,8). However, the activity of these newer agents against infrequently isolated nonfermenters is less clear.In

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Ketoconazole was used in 11 patients to treat 12 episodes of fungal urinary infections: 6 in the upper urinary tract and 6 presumed to be in the lower urinary tract. Five patients had catheters in place. Of the 12 infections 8 were caused by Candida species, 1 by mixed Candida tropicalis and Torulopsis glabrata, and 3 by Torulopsis glabrata. Ketoconazole was administered orally at doses of 200 to 800 mg. per day for courses ranging from 5 days to more than 2 years. Five episodes of Candida urinary tract infection resolved in association with ketoconazole therapy, while only 1 of the Torulopsis glabrata infections improved. Our findings suggest that ketoconazole may be of some benefit in yeast urinary tract infections. However, the role of ketoconazole in relation to other antifungal drugs is not yet clear.

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