Normal DVSS for gender is able to predict a bell-shaped uroflowmetry curve in most children, while EMG patterns and PVR do not correlate with uroflowmetry curves in these children. Children with a significantly distended bladder frequently have nonbell-shaped uroflowmetry curves as well as elevated PVR.

Emphysematous cystitis is characterized by gas collection within the bladder wall and lumen. Often it is the result of aerobic urinary tract infections but it may be caused by gastrointestinal fistulas or iatrogenic surgical and diagnostic instrumentation. We report a case of emphysematous cystitis owing to Candida albicans with the incidental finding of emphysematous changes within the prostate gland.

Castleman's disease (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) rarely presents as an isolated retroperitoneal mass radiographically indistinguishable from retroperitoneal malignancies. We report a case of the hyaline vascular variant of Castleman's disease presenting as a calcified pararenal mass. Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of this lesion are presented, and its clinical behavior and management are discussed.