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The seven major observational techniques generally used in experimental or naturalistic settings are discussed within the context of research on dominance relationships in young children. In particular, findings related to sex differences and developmental changes in children's social interactions are presented. The observational techniques used in these studies are described in terms of the type of data collected (frequency counts versus measures of duration of the behaviors), and the research questions answerable through use of each technique.Illustrations of other types of data (e.g., from questionnaires) are presented to show how the results relate to the findings from observational data. The use of more than one technique in many of the dominance relationship studies shows how different techniques can be used to examine various facets of complex social interactions.The strengths and weaknesses of each method are discussed within the framework of the illustrative studies. Problems associated with the use of One-zero or Time-Sampling techniques are discussed in detail.

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