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BackgroundT cell immunoglobulin mucin containing molecule (TIM)-3 is expressed in differentiated Th1 cells and is involved in the suppression of the cytokine production by these cells. However, the regulation of the expression of other T cell genes by TIM-3 is unclear. Herein, we attempted to identify differentially expressed genes in cells abundantly expressing TIM-3 compared to cells with low expression of TIM-3.MethodsTIM-3 overexpressing cell clones were established by transfection of Jurkat T cells with TIM-3 expression vector. For screening of differentially expressed genes, gene fishing technology based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using an annealing control primer system was used. The selected candidate genes were validated by semi quantitative and real-time RT-PCR.ResultsThe transcription of TIMP-1, IFITM1, PAR3 and CCL1 was different between TIM-3 overexpressing cells and control cells. However, only CCL1 transcription was significantly different in cells transiently transfected with TIM3 expression vector compared with control cells. CCL1 transcription was increased in primary human CD4+ T cells abundantly expressing TIM-3 but not in cells with low expression of TIM-3.ConclusionCCL1 was identified as a differentially transcribed gene in TIM-3-expressing CD4+ T cells.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film doped with boron has unique properties and displays higher thermal resistance, lower internal stress, and better electrical conductivity than un-doped DLC film; this makes it is suitable for various applications, especially in outer space. Radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vacuum deposition of boron-doped DLC film was performed to determine the optimal percentage of boron for improving thermal resistance. Additional heat treatment and 40 vol% B 2 H 6 /CH 4 yielded the best electrical conductivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and the four-point probe method were utilized to analyze the properties of boron-doped DLC film. The boron-doped DLC film displayed outstanding performance in terms of thermal resistance and electrical conductivity.

In the recent years, the studies on the mechanical behaviors of various materials subjected to biaxial loading have been worked since they are more complicated and intrinsically different from those under the simple uniaxial condition. The cruciform specimen without any slots has been commonly used for the goal so far. We prepare improved biaxial specimen with slots and make sure its validity by means of finite element analysis and photoelastic experiment. Even though the equal load biaxiality was applied to the specimens, as the results, we found that the stress biaxiality ratios in central region of specimen differ according to the position from the center of them, the specimen with slots in the arms is more effective to make state stress uniform than the specimen without slot.