Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a novel composition of multifunctional sunblock (NCMFS) by combining extracts from Eisenia bicyclis (E. bicyclis) and Aloe vera (A. vera) with a mixture of micron-and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2) powders, which are MP-100 and MPT-136, respectively, characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties. Methods: The mixed compound was prepared by combining micron-TiO 2 and nano-TiO 2 particles. The NCMFS was prepared by combining E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts with the mixed compound. The physicochemical properties (particle shape and size) of the mixed compound and UV, infrared (IR), and thermal blocking efficiency of each compound were analyzed. Results: Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the mixed compounds showed that the optimum ratio of mixing MP-100 and MPT-136 was 2.5:7.5. Measurement of sun protection factor (SPF) and protection grade of UV-A (PA) values of A. vera, E. bicyclis, and mixed extracts and NCMFS showed that the NCMFS mixture had the highest values, which were 34.35±0.36 and 34.87±0.36, respectively. Similarly, upon measuring the SPF and PA values, the highest values, 34.39±0.41 and 34.37±0.52, respectively, were measured for NCMFS and compared to the values of each single compound or the mixed compound. In addition, it was found NCMFS has excellent antifine dust adhesion rate and water-resistant properties. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggested that the NCMFS consisting of the mixture of TiO 2 and E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts has not only UV, IR, and thermal-blocking activity but also antidust protectant and water-resistance properties.

The aim of this study was to assess antimicrobial effect of an Aloe vera fermented Hericium erinaceum (HE) KU-1 condensate mixture (ALOHEM) using in vitro and in vivo models of food borne pathogens and Helicobacter pylori. The presence of ALOHEM effectively inhibited in vitro growth of food borne pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. enteritidis, whereas it did not inhibit the growth of S. enteritidis in pH 7.2. The results of in vivo antimicrobial effects against S. enteritidis and H. pylori showed ALOHEM decreased the viable bacteria found in the feces and the mortality rate in S. enteritidis-infected mice. However, it did not affect gastric colonization of bacteria and histopathological lesions in H. pylori-infected mice, which is able to colonize the stomach by increasing the gastric pH through its urease production. These findings showed ALOHEM might have antimicrobial ability by decreasing pH.