Chinese cities need to consider various TDM measures to cure adverse influences from exceeding private car ownership and use. We therefore explore the potential role of norms and awareness of problems caused by excessive car traffic for car purchase and mode choice decisions. With a sample of 465 responses collected via an online survey in Shanghai, our study suggests that the perception of ''everyone around me is using public transport'' (descriptive norms) is negatively correlated with car ownership. More importantly, we find that expectation of important others (subjective social norms) and internalized responsibility to use greener transport (personal norms activated by social problem awareness) stimulate the intention to use public transport and increase actual public transport usage. We further find that income does not influence public transport usage intentions or the actual modal choice directly but only via car ownership as mediating factor. We discuss that our findings support regulations to limit private car ownership and use but also to utilize ''soft policy measures'' in order to achieve a voluntary shift towards more sustainable travel behavior in Shanghai.

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This research examined the evaluation of service quality in the public bicycle system (PBS) in Hangzhou, China, along with a measurement of user satisfaction, and of how an individual's perceived satisfaction influenced his or her PBS use. A 30-item PBS service quality scale was first developed and then applied to the empirical study of PBS service in Hangzhou. On the basis of a finally validated sample of 231 responses, an item-based PBS service quality assessment and an individual-based satisfaction assessment were obtained with a Rasch model. Thereafter, individual satisfaction was introduced as one of the explanatory variables in modeling PBS customers' frequency of use in a logistic regression approach. According to the analysis, environmental factors, such as nighttime illumination and shade along the bicycle way, and service factors, such as convenient withdrawal of the deposit, proper handling of customer complaints, and an increase in station density, were thought to be in most urgent need of improvement by the interviewed Hangzhou PBS users. The respondents tended to give positive marks to the PBS service in Hangzhou, with a quantitative measure of 1.49 ± 0.31, in a range of [-7.74, 7.89] [all in the log-odds unit (logit)]. The present work also proved that a one-unit increase in user-perceived satisfaction would increase the likelihood of a user's moving into a higher use-frequency level, as defined in the study, by almost 35%.

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Anticipating ability is a skill that drivers count on to handle risky tasks in the traffic. This paper explores how the drivers of lane changing vehicle and its immediately car follower anticipate surrounding vehicles’ movements and adjust their manoeuvers during vehicle inserting process. The drivers’ anticipating mechanisms are modelled in the framework of structural equation model and estimated from field data. Results show that the change of lane changing type or traffic signal affects the drivers’ anticipation. Increased vehicle speed impels subject driver to anticipate driving condition in further future, but the stimulus is lower than the one coming from the kinematic comparisons of subject vehicle and other vehicles. The drivers care more about the vehicles’ interactions with which they are personally involved than the one to which they are only onlookers. The drivers’ responses to the counterpart vehicle’s movements depend on the progress of vehicle insertion and their roles in vehicle interactions.