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The aqueous solution of tetrabutyl ether derivatives of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4Bu) and ascorbic acid (AA) complex has been studied based on fluorescence and ¹H NMR spectroscopic results. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of SC4Bu quenched regularly upon the addition of AA. A 1:1 stoichiometry for the complexation was established and was verified by Job’s plot. The temperature-dependent inclusion constants were calculated, form which Δ H and ΔS values were calculated. Meanwhile the proposed interaction mechanism of the inclusion complex was discussed based on ¹H NMR results. The various factors (ionic strength, and surfactants) effecting the inclusion process were examined in detail

This review summarizes the working principles of DMF, and compares the effects of different electrode geometries on droplet manipulation.