Aims A meta‐analysis was carried out to review and identify correlates of stigma in poststroke patients. Background Patients suffer from impaired physical functions and sequelae of stroke. Stroke‐related stigma hinders the recovery process and produces poorer clinical outcomes of stroke, leading to compromised quality of life. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis was reported by following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Review Methods Nine databases were searched from their inception to May 2021 to identify studies focused on the relationships among demographics, disease‐related factors, psychosocial factors and poststroke stigma. Included studies were assessed by using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale. The statistical software R studios were used to perform statistical analysis. Results Nineteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Four demographic factors (age, caregiver, residence, monthly income), seven stroke‐related characteristics (type of stroke, mRS, ADLs, stroke duration, recurrence, sequelae, chronic disease comorbidity) and three psychosocial factors (depression, social support, quality of life) showed significant associations with stroke‐related stigma. Conclusions The results of our study can serve as a foundation for designing interventions to reduce stigma and improve the overall quality of life of poststroke patients and may produce positive clinical outcomes. Healthcare professionals should be aware of stroke patients who are characterised by correlates of stigma. Relevance to clinical practice Poststroke patients showed a moderate‐to‐high level of stigma, and this issue warrants more attention. This review provides a preliminary foundation for healthcare professionals to develop interventions to address stroke‐related stigma by focusing on demographic, disease‐related and psychosocial factors. Additionally, stigma identification should be a part of clinical nursing evaluation. The involvement of clinical and community nursing is very important to screen stroke‐related stigma and pay attention to this population.

With the rapid ageing of the world population, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is dramatically increasing (Jia, 2016).Due to its high incidence and heavy burden on health care, CI has attracted increasing attention in the field of geriatric care (Andrén & Elmståhl, 2007). As a progressive stage of CI, dementia is characterized by multiple cognitive and behavioural disorders, it affects 50 million people around the world, and this number will roughly triple

ObjectiveKetamine-associated cystitis (KAC) has been described in a few case reports, but its treatment in a relatively large number of patients has not been documented. This study aimed to describe our experience of treatment of 36 patients with KAC.MethodsThirty-six patients (30 males and 6 females, aged 19–38 years) with KAC, who had previously taken a muscarinic receptor blocker and/or antibiotics, but without symptomatic relief, were treated with botulinum toxin A injection combined with bladder hydrodistention. Urodynamic testing, and the O’Leary–Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI) and problem index (ICPI) were used to evaluate baseline values and improvement before and after the treatment.ResultsOne month post-treatment, all patients achieved marked relief of symptoms. The nocturia time was markedly reduced, while bladder capacity, the interval between micturition, the void volume, and the maximum flow rate were remarkably increased at 1 month. Additionally, the ICSI and ICPI were significantly improved.ConclusionBotulinum toxin A injection along with bladder hydrodistention is effective for managing KAC.

Background Nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common disorder worldwide. Despite the availability of a variety of effective management strategies, KSD recurrence remains a problem. In the present study, we investigated the KSD recurrence after the treatment of the first stone episode. Methods Medical records of all patients who had KDS treated in our department from January 2012 to January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 146 patients who had KDS recurrence were identified. The demographic information, biochemical data, treatment methods, report of hydronephrosis severity and stone chemical compositions were collected and analyzed. Results We reported that: 1) Sixty four (43.8%) out of 146 patients with stone recurrence were overweight or obese; 2) Of all 146 patients with stone recurrence, 86 (58.9%) had hyperlipidemia, 77 (52.4%) had hyperuricemia and 64 (43.8%) had hyperglycemia; 3) Mini-invasive methods were mostly used for the treatment of the first stone episode; 4) The most chief complaint differed during the first episode and recurrence; 5) The number of patients who had grades 3 and 4 hydronephrosis was significantly lower during recurrence compared with that in the first stone episode; 6) Seventy nine (54.1%) patients with recurrence had stone of calcium oxalate. Conclusions Majority of patients with KSD recurrence have overweight/obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia, indicating a role of metabolic disorders in stone recurrence. Mini-invasive methods are the mainstay for the management of the first stone episode. The degree of hydronephrosis is significantly reduced during stone recurrence, possibly due to increased awareness of the disease and thereafter the change of lifestyle in patients. Over half of recurrent stones are of calcium oxalate.