A Gram-stain positive, facultative anaerobic, motile, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium with peritrichous flagella, designated DX-5(T), was isolated from an electroactive biofilm. Growth was observed to occur at 35-60 °C, at pH 7.0-10.0 and with 0.5-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth: 50 °C, pH 8.0 and 0.5-3 % NaCl). Cells were determined to be catalase- and oxidase-positive. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7; the major polar lipids were determined to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, aminoglycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid; the DNA G+C content was determined to be 46.6 mol%; and the major fatty acids (>5 %) were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (33.6 %), iso-C15:0 (24.1 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (13.4 %). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain DX-5(T) should be assigned to the genus Bacillus, and was related most closely to the type strains of B. fortis DSM 16012(T) (96.3 %), B. composti KACC 16872(T) (96.3 %) and B. fordii DSM 16014(T) (95.8 %). Results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analysis indicated that strain DX-5(T) represents a novel species, for which the name B. sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DX-5(T) (=CGMCC 1.12412(T) = KCTC 33102(T)).

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic and filamentous thermoactinomycete, designated GD02 T , was isolated from soil in south China. The isolate could grow in the presence of 0-3.0 % NaCl (w/v), at temperatures of 30-60 6C and at pH 5.5-9.5, forming ivory-coloured colonies. When the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was compared with those of other bacteria, the highest similarity was observed with Kroppenstedtia eburnea DSM 45196 T (96.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.3 mol%, the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids (.5 %) were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, chemotaxonomic analysis and the results of physiological and biochemical tests, strain GD02

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated GD04 T , was isolated from a saline soil sample taken in southern China and was characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred with 0.5-12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-2 %) and at pH 7.0-9.5 (optimum pH 8.0) and 10-45 6C (optimum 30 6C). According to the results of a phylogenetic analysis, strain GD04T belonged to the genus Ornithinibacillus, and was related most closely to type strains of the species Ornithinibacillus bavariensis and Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 and 96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively). The peptidoglycan amino acid type was A4b, containing L-ornithine and D-aspartic acid. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polar lipid profile of strain GD04 T contained predominantly diphosphatidylglycerol with moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown lipid, and a minor amount of another unknown lipid. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 39.3 mol%. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data indicated that strain GD04

A thermophilic bacterium, designated DX-1 T , was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Cells of strain DX-1 T were oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and Gram-stainingnegative. The strain was found to be rod-shaped and non-motile and to produce subterminal spores. The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 %, at temperatures of 25-60 6C (optimum 55 6C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-1 T formed a cluster with and Ureibacillus terrenus DSM 12654 T (95.3 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.4 mol%. The major quinone was MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was L-LysrD-Asp, and the major cellular fatty acids (.5 %) were iso-C 16 : 0 and iso-C 14 : 0 . The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown composition. Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features and results of phylogenetic analyses, the strain was determined to represent a distinct novel species of the genus Ureibacillus, and the name proposed for the novel species is Ureibacillus defluvii sp. nov., with type strain DX-1