The versatile photosynthetic α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides , has recently been extensively engineered as a novel microbial cell factory (MCF) to produce pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, commodity chemicals and even hydrogen. However, there are no well-characterized high-activity promoters to modulate gene transcription during the engineering of R. sphaeroides . In this study, several native promoters from R. sphaeroides JDW-710 (JDW-710), an industrial strain producing high levels of co-enzyme Q 10 (Q 10 ) were selected on the basis of transcriptomic analysis. These candidate promoters were then characterized by using gusA as a reporter gene. Two native promoters, P rsp _ 7571 and P rsp _ 6124 , showed 620% and 800% higher activity, respectively, than the tac promoter, which has previously been used for gene overexpression in R. sphaeroides. In addition, a P rsp _ 7571 -derived synthetic promoter library with strengths ranging from 54% to 3200% of that of the tac promoter, was created on the basis of visualization of red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression in R. sphaeroides . Finally, as a demonstration, the synthetic pathway of Q 10 was modulated by the selected promoter T334* in JDW-710; the Q 10 yield in shake-flasks increased 28% and the production reached 226 mg/L . These well-characterized promoters should be highly useful in current synthetic biology platforms for refactoring the biosynthetic pathway in R. sphaeroides -derived MCFs.

The brain damage could lead to the loss of the central nervous system, so a stroke patient may lose the function of dominating his/her body. The rehabilitation aims to maximize the potential to restore a patient who has an impairment. Traditional rehabilitation is to train a patient's muscles and joints under the guide of doctors to improve the strength of muscles and restore the motor function of joints. However, stroke patients are usually depressed, lonely and irritable, and they might easily generate negative emotions during a rehabilitation process. With a sole goal of helping patients restore their body functions from the physiology perspective, the traditional rehabilitation took little consideration on the impact of rehabilitation, which is reflected and measured from the perspective of emotions. Therefore, we suggest adding affective regulation to the stroke rehabilitation; in such a way, the patients' exercise could be completed with high intrinsic motivation, and the performance of the rehabilitation process can be enhanced. Two main contributions in the presented works are (1) the expanded emotional model to represent the status of stroke patients where the impact of psychological factors can be taken into consideration, (2) the quantifiable measurement of rehabilitation performance as well as the corresponding design of experiments (DoE) to verify the positive impact of psychological adjustment on human subjects. Note that due to the limited conditions, the experimental verification was performed on healthy college students. Since our work focused on modeling and quantification of psychological factors, it is reasonable to expend our work to other human subjects including stoke patients.

The motor is an important part of the flywheel energy storage system. The flywheel energy storage system realizes the absorption and release of electric energy through the motor, and the high-performance, low-loss, high-power, high-speed motors are key components to improve the energy conversion efficiency of energy storage flywheels. This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator (PMSG) used in the magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and calculates the loss characteristics in the drive and power generation modes. Based on this, the electromagnetic part of the motor is optimized in detail. Aiming at this design, this paper calculates the loss characteristics of driving and power generation modes in detail, including its winding loss, core loss, rotor eddy current loss and mechanical loss. The calculation results show that the design meets the loss requirements. It can reduce the no-load loss of the permanent magnet synchronous motor at high speed and improve the energy conversion efficiency, which gives this system practical application prospects.

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