Background Respiratory viruses on fomites can be transferred to sites susceptible to infection via contact by hands or other fomites. Methods Care for hospitalized patients with viral respiratory infections was observed in the patient room for 3-hour periods at an acute care academic medical center for over a 2 year period. One trained observer recorded the healthcare activities performed, contacts with fomites, and self-contacts made by healthcare workers (HCWs), while another observer recorded fomite contacts of patients during the encounter using predefined checklists. Results The surface contacted by HCWs during the majority of visits was the patient (90%). Environmental surfaces contacted by HCWs frequently during healthcare activities included the tray table (48%), bed surface (41%), bed rail (41%), computer station (37%), and intravenous pole (32%). HCWs touched their own torso and mask in 32% and 29% of the visits, respectively. HCWs’ self-contacts differed significantly among HCW job roles, with providers and respiratory therapists contacting themselves significantly more times than nurses and nurse technicians (P < .05). When HCWs performed only 1 care activity, there were significant differences in the number of patient contacts and self-contacts that HCWs made during performance of multiple care activities (P < .05). Conclusions HCWs regularly contact environmental surfaces, patients, and themselves while providing care to patients with infectious diseases, varying among care activities and HCW job roles. These contacts may facilitate the transmission of infection to HCWs and susceptible patients.
Cuando se retira el equipo de protecci on personal (EPP), los pat ogenos pueden transferirse desde el EPP al cuerpo de los trabajadores de la salud, poniendo en riesgo de exposici on e infecci on tanto a ellos mismos como a sus pacientes. Entre marzo de 2017 y abril de 2018 se observaron las pr acticas de retirada del EPP del personal sanitario que atend ıa pacientes con infecciones respiratorias virales en un hospital de atenci on de enfermedades agudas. Un observador capacitado registr o el desempeño del personal sanitario cuando retiraba el EPP dentro de las habitaciones de los pacientes, utilizando una lista de verificaci on predefinida basada en las directrices de los Centros para el Control y Prevenci on de Enfermedades (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC). Se observaron 162 pr acticas de retirada durante el cuidado de 52 pacientes infectados con pat ogenos virales respiratorios. De estos 52 pacientes, 30 estaban en aislamiento por gota y contacto, 21 en aislamiento por gota y uno en aislamiento de contacto. En general, en 90% de los casos la retirada del EPP observada se realiz o de manera incorrecta, ya sea en cuanto a la secuencia de retirada, la t ecnica de retirada o el uso del EPP apropiado. Los errores m as comunes consistieron en quitarse la bata por adelante, retirar la pantalla facial de la mascarilla y tocar superficies y EPP potencialmente contaminados durante el proceso. Las desviaciones del protocolo recomendado para retirar el EPP son comunes y pueden aumentar el potencial de contaminaci on de la ropa o la piel del personal sanitario despu es de proporcionar atenci on. Existe una clara necesidad de cambiar el enfoque utilizado para capacitar al personal en las pr acticas de retirada del EPP. PALABRAS CLAVEEquipo de protecci on personal; personal sanitario; prevenci on de infecciones; retirada
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