This supplement contains: i) the description of the procedure for selection and evaluation of the influential empirical RD papers; ii) the proofs of Theorem 1, 3, and 4; iii) the Monte Carlo results for standard and weak-identification-robust confidence sets; and iv) the additional tables from the empirical application. Influential applied papers sample procedureWe start with thirty applied papers that were cited by Lee and Lemieux (2010). Of the thirty papers, sixteen did not report enough information to perform the F -test. Of the remaining papers, more than half had specifications which would be suspect according to the test. We reach similar conclusions when only focusing on the ten most cited paper in the list (

For decades in North America and Australia, Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their homes and placed in boarding schools. These schools had the stated goal of cultural assimilation and are perceived as educational failures. I offer the first causal evidence on the long‐run effects of these schools. I identify these effects using the interaction of changes in Canadian national policy and regional variation in the power of the Catholic Church. I find that the average boarding school had substantial effects on both cultural and economic assimilation. However, I find suggestive evidence this is not true for highly abusive schools.

Dans cet article, j'analyse les tendances qui caractérisent les différences de salaires annuels entre Autochtones et Non-Autochtones, les causes de ces différences et la façon dont les Autochtones qui vivent dans des réserves sont pénalisés en matière de salaires annuels. Je considère trois causes de ces différences : le nombre de semaines travaillées, le salaire hebdomadaire selon diverses caractéristiques et le rendement de ces caractéristiques. Mes résultats indiquent que les différences de salaires entre les Autochtones et les Métis ont diminué grâce aux nombres de semaines travaillées qui tendent à s'égaler parmi les deux groupes. Les différences de salaires à la baisse des Autochtones qui vivent dans des réserves ont augmenté, possiblement à cause de la variation du pourcentage d'Autochtones vivant hors d'une réserve. Par ailleurs, j'analyse l'importance du rôle des impôts et des transferts comme moyen de réduire ces différences; j'observe que, si les impôts et transferts n'éliminent pas la plupart des inégalités, ils ont pour résultats que les femmes qui vivent dans des réserves ne sont pas pénalisées en matière de salaires.Mots clés : décomposition, Autochtones, différences de salaires I investigate the trends and sources of the Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal annual earnings gap and the on-reserve annual earnings penalty. Three sources of these gaps are considered: differences in weeks worked, weekly earnings due to characteristics, and returns. I find that earnings differences between non-Aboriginals and Métis have declined due to convergence in the number of weeks worked. The on-reserve weekly earnings penalty has increased, possibly due to the changing proportion off-reserve. My study also examines the importance of taxes and transfers in reducing the earnings gap. While they do not eliminate most inequities, measured taxes and transfers eliminate the on-reserve earnings penalty for women.

In the summer of 2015, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) delivered a summary of its final report on the history and legacy of Indian residential schools. The commissioners argue that all Canadians have a role to play in the project of reconciliation. We suggest that economists and other similar quantitative social scientists are in a unique position to contribute to this project, and we offer some thoughts on the role they can play, summarize the current data available, and discuss how new data may be created. We then discuss what challenges economists and others may face when working with Indigenous data and how these might be navigated.

Abundant land and strong property rights are conventionally viewed as key factors underpinning U.S. economic development success. This view relies on the “Pristine Myth” of an empty undeveloped land, but the abundant land of North America was already made productive and was the recognized territory of sovereign Indigenous Nations. We demonstrate that the development of strong property rights for European/American settlers was mirrored by the attenuation and increasing disregard of Indigenous property rights. We argue that the dearth of discussion of the dispossession of Indigenous nations results in a misunderstanding of some of the core themes of U.S. economic history.