During the course of studies on the relation of nutrition to virulence of Pasteurella pestis, at 37 C and above, it was noted that under certain conditions glucose appeared to have a lethal effect on virulent cultures. This report defines the conditions under which this effect has been observed, and describes concomitant population changes affecting virulence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The organisms used in the investigation included the following virulent strains: Alexander,

This article was initiated to help two graduating Master's students learn what might be expected of them upon graduation. The purpose of this article is to provide insight from reviewing the current literature on clinical nurse specialist's (CNS's) characteristics. The authors believe that this information is especially useful for graduate CNS students and helpful for those who currently hold CNS positions. Based on a literature review, the article categorizes descriptions of the characteristics of the CNS role as perceived by the CNS, management, staff nurses, and physicians. Within the identified perceptions of each group were the following similarly common CNS role components: (a) clinical practice, (b) education, (c) administration, (d) research, and (e) consultation. The key to congruent expectations and understanding of the CNS role is clear communication between the members of each group. Without this communication, the common result is ambiguity, conflict, and frustration.

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Pasteurella pestis, harvested after 24 to 30 hr of growth in a casein hydrolysate medium at 26 C, was resuspended and shaken in 3 % lactose-0.1 M phosphate buffer for 4 hr at the same temperature. Certain characteristics of these starved cells were compared with those of control cells. No differences in the amounts of cellular carbohydrate or lipid were detected. The concentrations of the principal free amino acids were greater in the shaken cells, except that they contained no measureable arginine, and the normally large pools of intracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were reduced. Greater viable-cell counts resulted with the cells that were shaken in lactose buffer than with the control cells when each was incubated at 5 C for several weeks. However, the reduced viabilities were apparent losses caused by the formation of aggregates of cells. The clumping of cells was caused by the polymerization of extracellular nucleic acids, principally deoxyribonucleic acid, that were excreted by the cells. Cell clumping could be partially prevented by prior shaking of the suspended cells, which removed some of the deleterious material, or by the action of crystalline deoxyribonuclease.

Pasteurella pestis , harvested after 24 to 30 hr of growth in a casein hydrolysate medium at 26 C, was resuspended and shaken in 3% lactose-0.1 m phosphate buffer for 4 hr at the same temperature. Certain characteristics of these starved cells were compared with those of control cells. No differences in the amounts of cellular carbohydrate or lipid were detected. The concentrations of the principal free amino acids were greater in the shaken cells, except that they contained no measureable arginine, and the normally large pools of intracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were reduced. Greater viable-cell counts resulted with the cells that were shaken in lactose buffer than with the control cells when each was incubated at 5 C for several weeks. However, the reduced viabilities were apparent losses caused by the formation of aggregates of cells. The clumping of cells was caused by the polymerization of extracellular nucleic acids, principally deoxyribonucleic acid, that were excreted by the cells. Cell clumping could be partially prevented by prior shaking of the suspended cells, which removed some of the deleterious material, or by the action of crystalline deoxyribonuclease.