Huszonöt éve, 1996. január 4-én adták át az úthasználóknak az első koncessziós formában épült magyarországi autópálya-szakaszt. Így jött létre az M1 autópálya kapcsolata Bécs és Nyugat-Európa felé. A cikk bemutatja, hogyan változtak negyedszázad alatt a forgalmi viszonyok, hogyan alakult át a magyarországi és az európai díjszedési környezet.

Transformer substations are hidden elements of the railway infrastructure, they have a long service life and reliable operation. On this reason reconstruction of substations are often left out of railway development projects. The board responsible for railway development in the Ministry of Innovation and Technology has decided to set up a project dedicated to substation development. The purpose of our work was to assess, examine and supervise the current technical status, network role and future sustainability of railway substations in order to choose a set of substations to be reconstructed in the given cost framework. We completed traction energy simulations to explore the weak points of the traction energy supply system and to provide basic data for the planning process. In our feasibility study we chose 20 of 38 substations to be reconstructed in a multi-step decision process. On Level 1 we assessed professional and operational aspects with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) regarding capacity shortages, energy efficiency, existence of remote control, characteristics of environmental protection and climate resilience, age-related failures, unit performance and network assessment. Based on the multi-criteria analysis we formed feasible technological options. To quantify and compare their long-term financial effects, on Level 2 we have chosen cost-effectiveness analysis methodology considering investment cost and the operational costs incurred during the estimated evaluation period. After option analysis we conducted cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Savings at social level are considered benefits in economic terms. As the type of the intervention did not fit the relevant CBA guide, we had to elaborate a special methodology for the assessment of economic benefits of the project. After all we have set up three project packages (6 or 9 or 20 substations) depending on available funding sources – and all three project packages can be regarded as economically viable and eligible for financing and implementation.

Cooperative intelligent transport systems and services (C-ITS) are based on periodical data sharing between cooperative V2X communication units (in-vehicle and roadside units, ITS stations) via a short-range ad-hoc network. All participants are able to acquire information several times per second from others such as position, speed and driving direction as well as intentions and event triggered messages like incidents and emergency braking. Roadside infrastructure can share traffic information like road works or speed limits. As such, C-ITS improves road safety and effectiveness of the transportation system while reduces harmful environmental effects. Transportation authorities and road network operators use cost-benefit analysis to decide on necessary developments. Taking into account only the momentary statistical renewal rate of the vehicle fleet (disregarding all handheld devices), a fully capable operation of such a system can only be predicted in more than 10 years. An overview of existing C-ITS use cases throughout Europe and a simplified comparative analysis of estimated costs and quantifiable benefits of such a system in Hungary is presented in this article. Our research assigned the first developments (i.e. technologies and use cases) in the next 1-3 year period to prepare certain parts of the public road network for CAV testing.

[Numberless Heading] Abstract[Normal] Manuscript preparation for CETRA 2014 proceedings is a fairly simplified process. Everything you need for a properly formatted article is contained in this template document which uses a feature of Microsoft Word called Styles. A style is a set of formatting characteristics that you can apply to text in your document to quickly change its appearance. When you apply a style, you apply a whole group of formats in one simple step. For example, you may want to format the sections headers to make them stand out. Instead of changing the headings one by one, you can give them a style and change them all at once. All the styles in this document are preformatted so you only need to pick an appropriate one for the part you are working on. In this example document each section that uses a specific style starts with a style name surrounded by square brackets for easy identification. The text you are reading at the moment is formatted using [Normal] style, whilst the heading above it uses [Numberless Heading] style and so on. These words serve only as a reference and should be omitted in the paper you submit. Figure 2. This group may be expanded to a list by clicking on the icon in its lower-right corner which will open a window similar to the one in Figure 3.