No abstract

Drug detachment from carrier approaches first-order reaction within the first half-second of inhalation. But at longer circulation times in the classifier, the ratio of removal to adhesive forces decreases dramatically. To increase the detached fraction of drug during inhalation at a constant flow rate, a short residence time for the powder in the de-agglomerator between 0.5 and 2 s is desired.

No abstract

No abstract

A high ratio of removal forces to adhesive forces causes a high drug detachment rate from carrier crystals in a classifier within the first 0.5 s of inhalation. The high ratio can be explained by dislodgment of agglomerates and the largest primary particles in the early phases of inhalation. At higher flow rates, detached agglomerates may be further disintegrated into primary particles before they are discharged from the classifier. Agglomeration of drug particles on the carrier surface is the result of the same forces that are responsible for pressing these particles firmly to the carrier crystals during mixing.