Inter-laboratory comparison of nanoparticle size measurements using dynamic light scattering and differential centrifugal sedimentation. NanoImpact, (2018).

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The method of TiO 2 -anatase film preparation on cotton and viscose fabric surfaces using the sol-gel process and microwave treatment is presented. Microwave treatment was used to change the amorphous TiO 2 form to anatase directly on the fabrics. The influence of microwave treatment conditions on the obtainable polymorphic form of TiO 2 was examined. Fabrics were pretreated with low-temperature air plasma (30 min). The root mean square height in the selected area increased from 44 to 166 nm (cotton) and from 9 to 112 nm (viscose). Infrared analysis showed the new band at 1748 and 1732 cm -1 corresponding to C=O stretching for plasma-treated cotton and viscose textiles, respectively. The plasma pretreatment also improved the wetting properties by TiO 2 sol and increased the surface free energy of fabrics. TiO 2 film thickness was 180 nm (12 %wg. Ti) and 140 nm (3 %wg. Ti) for cotton and viscose, respectively. TiO 2 -modified cotton reduced the nicotine concentration three times more and TiO 2 -modified viscose was two times higher under sunlight compared to raw fabrics. No changes in strength were observed for TiO 2 -modified cotton, while the strength of TiO 2 -modified viscose decreased about 45 %. No effect of UV irradiation on cotton and a slight reduction of the strength of raw viscose (7 %) and TiO 2 -modified viscose (16 %) were observed. The Ti contents after washing decreased from 12 to 11 % (cotton) and from 3 to 2.6 % (viscose). The presented method allows obtaining TiO 2 film-anatase on the cotton and viscose fabrics, but its total effectiveness is better for cotton fabrics.

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Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive technique is very often used to analyze a historic or forensic material. It is also a very valuable method of testing textile materials, especially modified and functionalized. In the case of textiles, the advantages of this technique is the compatibility inter alia with FTIR, which is helpful in natural fibers identification or to distinguish between isomers and conformers of synthetic fibers. The work shows the possibility of special application of the Raman spectroscopy to the characterization of textile materials after modification and functionalization with nanoparticles. A functionalized textile structure with a metallic surface can provide a good basis for analytical studies using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as it was presented on the example of wool, cotton and aramid fibers.