Human parvovirus B19 is a common cause of benign erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in otherwise healthy children. Immunocompromized patients are at risk of developing chronic infections leading to chronic hyporegenerative anemia. We report the case of a nine-year-old boy who presented five days after renal transplantation with seizures and signs of encephalitis on MRI. The clinical course was characterized by anemia and seroconversion for parvovirus B19 accompanied by a high viral load (>10(9) copies per milliliter). A transfusion of red blood cells that the patient required after transplantation was found to be negative for parvovirus B19, leaving the donated organ as the most likely source of infection. Reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen led to complete recovery of the patient with a stable RBC count upon discharge. Parvovirus B19 infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of seizures after solid organ transplantation.

Aims The objective of this research was to quantify the levels of circulating HspBP1 and anti‐HspBP1 IgG in HIV‐infected individuals and to correlate them with CD4 T cell counts and viral load, as well as to determine the kinetics of those proteins during acute phase. Methods and Results Sixty serum samples from HIV‐positive outpatients, thirty with high viral load and thirty with low viral load were analysed. The HspBP1 and anti‐HspBP1 were quantified by ELISA. To investigate the kinetic of HspBP1 and anti‐HspBp1 during the acute phase, these proteins and antibodies were quantified in samples of a commercial seroconverting HIV panel. All dosages were compared with the CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and HIV viral load. The results indicated that HIV positive outpatients presented significant increase in HspBP1 and anti‐HspBP1 serum levels, compared with uninfected healthy. HspBP1 and anti‐HspBP1 were negatively correlated with CD4 counts and CD4:CD8 ratio. In the acute phase, HspBP1 became significantly elevated 15 days after HIV infection. Conclusions These results indicate that the quantification of HspBP1 can be associated to others well‐established parameters of the HIV progression. Significance and Impact of the Study The discovery that HspBp1 and anti‐HspBp1 are associated with progression of HIV infection is new and corroborates to validate the quantification of these proteins as an additional strategy in the management of the HIV infection.

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