Purpose: To study the association and correlation between the amniotic fluid index, random glucose concentration, and serum glucose concentration after avoiding oral intake of sugar in a pregnant female with polyhydramnios. Methods: The research was performed on pregnant women with polyhydramnios (n=104 ) after 28 weeks. USG was performed using a SAMSUNG HS 70A (Samsung Electronics Pvt. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea) and a GE Voluson P8 (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). We measured amniotic fluid index and took a blood sample for hemoglobin (Hb)A1C, fasting blood glucose, post-prandial and random blood glucose, and also performed a glucose tolerance test in pregnant women. Results: This is a prospective study, all 104 patients that were recruited in this study were pregnant females with polyhydramnios mainly from the urban and rural zone with different age groups (between 21 and 37 years). In our study, we observed that after avoiding oral intake of sugar in pregnant females with polyhydramnios, it was concluded that the amnionic fluid index lies towards the lower side. Polyhydramnios is more common in the urban zone and among older pregnant females. Out of 104 pregnant females with polyhydramnios, 82 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes after 28 weeks. Conclusion: In this study, we have concluded that the earliest and most sensitive predictor for gestational diabetes is a rise in the amniotic fluid index which could have been prevented by avoiding oral intake of sugar. Early prediction of gestational diabetes can be made by amniotic fluid index even before glucose concentration. We observed that by reducing oral intake of sugar, the amniotic fluid index drops down in pregnant females

Background: Iron deficiency anemia continues to be a serious problem in developing countries resulting in spectrum of adverse events in pregnant women. The first choice for prophylaxis and treatment of mild IDA in pregnancy is oral iron therapy. However, in patients with moderate and severe anemia, oral therapy takes very long time and compliance could be a big issue in our country. Thus, pregnant women with moderate anemia should be better treated with parenteral iron therapy. Postpartum women were eligible for the study with hemoglobin level <10 g/dl, while those with sickle cell anemia, aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, etc., or having allergy to parental iron were considered not eligible for this study. The eligible women were randomly categorized to receive intravenous iron sucrose and intravenous ferrous carboxymaltose. Aims and Objectives: (1) To Compare ferrous carboxymaltose with iron sucrose in treating iron deficiency anemia in postpartum period (2) To assess the adverse effects and patient compliance. Materials and Methods: A comparative, prospective, and randomized distributed in 50 patients within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. The subjects were randomized into two group, first group receiving iron sucrose, whereas second group receiving ferrous carboxymaltose. Results: Study, 25 women received iron sucrose and 25 women received ferrous carboxymaltose. There was significant higher increase in hemoglobin levels at 6 weeks in ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) group as compared iron sucrose group hemoglobin levels. There was significant higher increase in ferritin levels at 2 and 6 weeks in FCM group as compared iron sucrose group hemoglobin levels. There was significant higher increase in reticulocyte count at 6 week in FCM group as compared iron sucrose group reticulocyte count. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose is safe and efficient in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in postpartum women as compared to iron sucrose with lesser adverse effect and better patient compliance.

This study aims to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain of five patients diagnosed with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE). In addition, the aim of our study was to better define the topographic distribution of lesions in MIE. MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated MRI findings before and after drug cessation in five patients diagnosed with

Introduction: Special types of benign gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and adenomyosis are very common these days. So our main objective is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with strain-ratio elastography (SRE) in diagnosing Adenomyosis and Uterine Fibroids and to compare the results with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diagnoses. Material and Methods: In a prospective study was conducted on 84 women with suspected adenomyosis or fibroid on transabdomisnal sonography. These patients underwent transvaginal ultrasonography combined with strain-ratio elastography. This was followed by MRI imaging of the same patients. Computation of strain values at two ROIs placed next toeach other in a uterine adenomyosis or fibroid (ROI A) and the normal myometrium (ROI B). The strain ratio (B/A) was calculated and stored. These elastography based diagnoses were compared with MRI diagnoses. Results: The myometrium was uniform in color, with a main color of green, indicating stiffer tissue. Adenomyosis and fibroids had dissimilar attributes with respect to elastographic and color patterns. In general, fibroids were darker blue and adenomyosis was yellowish to red in color. The median strain ratio was significantly (p<0.001) different between the uterine fibroid and adenomyosis. Median strain ratio were 1.85 and 0.54 for fibroids and adenomyosis respectively. The diagnosis of adenomyosis and fibroids using elastography shows harmonious results with MRI-based diagnosis. Conclusions: The chromic data makes it possible for detecting uterine fibroid and adenomyosis and assists to detect both focal findings, in addition, the strain ratio allows for quantification of the stiffness factor. The quantitative data from the strain ratio is more useful than the qualitative color-coded images. Elastography is capable of recognizing discerning attributes of fibroids and adenomyosis. Elastography based conclusions are in excellent agreement with that of MRI. With easier and cheaper availability of the sonographic setup and reduced scanning time as compared to MRI, transvaginal ultrasonography in conjugation with strain ratio can be used to make a reliable diagnosis of fibroid or adenomyosis.

Introduction: Liver is an important constituent of the digestive tract and is involved in maintenance of the body's metabolic homeostasis. Liver cancer is a major cancer in less developed countries where 83% of worldwide incidence of new cases has been reported with China alone accounting for nearly 50% of new incident cases of liver cancer. As per an estimate about 7 Lakhs death due to hepatocellular carcinoma occur annually. Aim: To compare the imaging findings of focal hepatic lesions by dual-energy computed tomography, multi-detector computed tomography, and ultrasonography and its follow up by medical treatment/aspiration/biopsy. Methods: All individuals with suggested liver illness and undergoing liver imaging were included and all of them underwent Ultrasound, MDCT and DECT protocol. Analysis of radiological images and/or verification of the lesion type by biopsy/ aspiration, surgery, or follow-up was done. Results: Though majority of the malignancies were detected by the USG (75.0%), USG underdiagnosed malignancies in 3 of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of USG was found to be 93.8%. Though majority of the malignancies were detected by MDCT (91.7%), MDCT undiagnosed malignancies in 1 of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of MDCT was found to be 98.5%. All the cases with malignancies were accurately detected by the DECT (100.0%), all Benign cases were also accurately detected by DECT (100.0%). Thus, Diagnostic accuracy of DECT was found to be 100.0% with the help of iodine concentration mapping. Conclusion:In this study, we have concluded that iodine quantification using dual energy computed tomography is helpful in characterisation and follow-up after treatment of liver lesions. Thus DECT with the help of iodine quantification can be used as a highly specific and sensitive imaging modality for malignant and benign liver lesions as compared to MDCT and USG.