The use of animal models have aided in the development of new information in periodontology research. Animal models enable legal acceptance of human welfare. Dogs, rats, ferrets, hamsters, mice and on rare occasions, rabbits and sheep have been used to study human periodontal diseases. Animal models were chosen because they have similar anatomical and physiological features of the oral cavity and periodontium, as well as the presence of causative agents that contribute to the occurrence of natural periodontal disease in humans. There has been a progression toward the development of a feasible and sufficiently accurate model that accurately reflects the true pathogenic mechanisms of living person periodontal disease. Non human primates have been used extensively in periodontal investigations as well as in medical technology to understand the origin of periodontal disease. Caries and calculus study is best accomplished through hamsters and rat. Periodontal disease and calculus formation in ferrets could be potential and encouraging in the research area. Thus, the structural and pathophysiology of the animal kingdom differs from that of human beings and seems sometimes troublesome with the latest therapies. Hamster stays an intriguing model for immunological studies. New possibilities in the periodontal analysis are now accessible, enabling broader cohorts that are easier to build. The goal of this review is to give an overview of the animal models that have been employed in the periodontal investigation. The purpose of this review is to identify the best animal model for periodontal research and also for the safety precautions for human beings. The use of factfinding models used in periodontal disease is crucial to grasp the root source in the human being. Animal models are beneficial in periodontal surveys and an unavoidable step before accessing clinical testing with the latest biomaterials and therapies.

pain management is one of the most important components of contemporary dentistry that may impact a patient's quality of life. Before local anesthetic injection, oral cavity mucosa pain is frequently managed using topical anesthetics in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review paper aims to learn about the Eutectic mixture of Local Anaesthetics as topical anesthesia and its implementation in dentistry, which is used to numb oral tissues. This paper aims to learn about the various mechanisms of action of the most common topical and local anesthetic agents, pharmacological action, therapeutic uses, and their side effects. Topical anesthetics work on peripheral nerves to lessen pain perception where they are applied. They are employed in dentistry to reduce localized discomfort brought on by needling, the implantation of orthodontic bands, the vomiting reflex, oral mucositis, and rubber dam clamps. The active chemicals in conventional topical anesthetics, which come in the shapes of solutions, creams, gels, and sprays, are lidocaine or benzocaine. These anesthetic agents come in various formulations created for various applications, to reduce unfavorable reactions, and for maximum anesthetic effectiveness. To give patients a pain-free environment, various strategies are offered. One of the most significant developments in dentistry to prevent patient phobia is the advancement of topical anesthetic drugs. Most are risk-free and cause little irritation or adverse reaction when administered to the oral mucosa. Currently, these medications come in a variety of potencies and indications. Topical anesthetics are helpful during dental procedures because they lessen dental fear, especially in kids, by easing pain and discomfort. A commercial anesthetic drug that has gained appeal among dental practitioners is the eutectic combination of local anesthetics (EMLA), which contains prilocaine and lidocaine. The effectiveness of EMLA as a topical anesthetic agent, which is applied while dental treatments are briefly reviewed in this article.