Objectives Rehabilitation of edentulous ridges to promote the insertion of dental implants has been the key indicator for retaining osseous structures since tooth extraction. Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2(rhBMP-2) is exploited for bone augmentation due to its osteoinductive capacity. The objective of the study to determine the effectiveness of bone induction for implant placement by rhBMP-2 delivered on beta-tricalcium phosphate graft (β-TCP) and PRF following tooth extraction. Results Minimal changes in the width of the crestal bone relative to baseline values were found three months after socket grafting. A bone loss in the mesiodistal and buccolingual aspects of 0.6 ± 0.13 mm and 0.5 ± 0.13 mm was found, respectively. While drilling before the implant placement, the bone's clinical hardness evaluated through tactile was analogous to drilling into spruce or white pine wood. Total radiographic bone filling was seen in 3 months and no additional augmentation was needed during implant placement. Besides, histology shows no residual graft of bone particles. Therefore, the data from this study demonstrated that the novel combination of rhBMP-2 + β-TCP mixed with PRF has an effect on de novo bone formation and can be recommended for socket grafting before implant placement.

The formation of biomaterials is a physical phenomenon that is primarily influenced by the material's chemical and physical characteristics, as well as by the availability of proteins and their mutual interactions. A common extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein called fibronectin (FN) is a biomaterial that is essential for tissue repair. Cellular FN (cFN), also known as the "large external transformation sensitive (LETS) protein" or "galactoprotein," was found during the quest for tumour markers twenty-five years ago and was later identified as the surface fibroblast antigen. Twenty different isoforms of the FN protein can be created by alternative splicing of a single pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (pre-mRNA) molecule. FN is an outstanding illustration of an ECM protein that intricately influences cell activity. FN is necessary for cell behaviours like cell adhesion, cell migration, and differentiation of cells as well as highly coordinated tissue processes like morphogenesis and wound repair. Plasma FN is absorbed by tissues and deposited in extracellular matrix fibrils along with locally generated cellular FN. cFN is produced by a wide range of cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, synovial cells, and myocytes. FN and other cell adhesion proteins can promote cell attachment to tooth surfaces. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell-ECM interactions, and consequently the regeneration of periodontal tissues, depends on FN. Specific FN segments serve as indicators of periodontal disease status and provide evidence for their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of the condition. FN is an all-purpose biomaterial that may be utilised for clinical applications ranging from tissue engineering to disease biology. Therefore, it would be desirable to develop materials that specifically bind to FN.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation involving tooth investing structures.1 It causes irreversible bone and attachment loss. Very often third molar impaction leads to various complications adversely influencing the entire periodontal status.2 Therefore disimpaction surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures. Extraction of an impacted molar tends to initiate localized periodontal pockets distally to an adjacent molars.3 This favours colonization of the subgingival microbiota, due to the difficulties associated with hygiene, and leads to the appearance of progressive bone loss into an well-defined angular defect.4 The primary goal of periodontal therapy is aimed at prevention, slowing or arresting disease progression. 5 Gingivectomy is the first choice of treatment in distal pocket due bulbous fibrous tissue. It can only be the choice of treatment when adequate amount of keratinized tissue is present at the site. Nevertheless, many times inadequate keratinized tissue or an angular bony defect has been diagnosed. Then bulbous tissue is preferably reduced in bulk and not be removed completely by the distal molar surgery. 6 The technique aids in pocket management. Apart, it also facilitates access to the osseous defect. It also secures the sufficient amounts of gingival tissue to achieve coverage.

Background: Marginal tissue recession is a frequent clinical scenario that creates substantial compromise in esthetic appearance of the patient. The current randomized, double-blind interventional trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of “platelet rich fibrin (PRF)” membrane with bioresorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane as compared to GTR membrane alone utilizing “double lateral sliding bridge flap (DLSBF) technique” for the management of simultaneous GR defects in human subjects. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects were randomly allotted in two groups: Group 1 (test): 10 subjects treated with PRF + GTR membrane using DLSBF technique and Group 2 (control): 10 subjects treated with GTR membrane alone using DLSBF technique. Clinical measurements such as relative gingival marginal level, “relative clinical attachment level (R-CAL),” “probing pocket depth (PPD),” “gingival recession (GR),” and “width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) and gingival thickness (GT)” were evaluated at the initiation of the study and 6 months thereafter. Results: Two groups showed statistically significant differences with respect to probing depth reduction, CAL gain, and increase in WKG and GT. No significant result was observed with mean root coverage (RC) and complete RC for test (84.80% ± 19.53% and 54.99% ± 38.53%) and control group (75.69% ± 18.86% and 35.83% ± 39.29%), respectively. Conclusions: The combination of PRF membrane used along with GTR membrane provides no additional benefits over GTR membrane alone. However, the DLSBF technique convincingly shows simultaneous elimination of multiple problems associated with GR, shallow vestibule, hypersensitivity, and aberrant frenum pull in a single stage with meticulous performance.

Objectives –The main indication for preserving osseous structures following tooth extraction has been the rehabilitation of edentulous ridges to facilitate the placement of dental implants. Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2(rhBMP-2) is exploited for bone augmentation due to its osteoinductive capacity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bone induction for implant placement by rhBMP-2 delivered on beta-tricalcium phosphate graft (β-TCP) and PRF following tooth extraction.Results- At three months following socket grafting, minimal changes in the crestal bone width compared to baseline values were seen. A bone loss of 0.6 ± 0.13 mm and 0.5 ± 0.13 mm at the mesiodistal and buccolingual aspects, respectively, was seen. While drilling before the implant placement, the bone's clinical hardness evaluated through tactile was analogous to drilling into spruce or white pine wood. Complete radiographic bone fill was seen in 3 months, and there was no need for any additional augmentation during implant placement. Besides, histology revealed no residual bone particulate graft. Therefore, the data from this study demonstrated that the novel combination of rhBMP-2 +β-TCP mixed with PRF has an effect on de novo bone formation and can be recommended for socket grafting before implant placement.