Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) attributed to the use of an indwelling catheter is one of the most common infections acquired by patients in health care facilities. This infection is associated with varied microbiological etiology. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in India. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of CAUTI infection and to determine their antibiotic profile. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide a baseline information in the context of culture positivity rate of urinary isolates and prevalence of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), to identify the associated microbial, and to determine their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents for prophylactic and empiric therapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done on nonrepetitive urine samples from all age group patients of both inpatient and outpatient department. Semi quantitative bacterial culture was performed, and isolates were identified and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by Vitek-2 compact automated method. Results: Significant bacteriuria was observed among 257/1543 (16.65%) urine samples. Among bacterial isolates, Gram negative bacilli predominate. Escherichia coli 7/17 (44%) being the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella (35%). The incidence of CAUTI/1000 catheter days observed in our study was 2.77. Total 3 CAUTI were identified from July 2021 to June 2022, out of which 2 were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 isolate was Enterococcus faecium. Conclusions: Uropathogens from CAUTI patients exhibit significantly higher resistance to most antibiotics than non- CAUTI isolates. This is an important factor to take into consideration when choosing correct treatment options for patients with urinary tract infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the important notable pathogens causing nosocomial infections.............

Background: Dengue has emerged as a major public health concern throughout India because of the mortality and morbidity associated with it. It is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. Hence early and rapid laboratory diagnosis of dengue is crucial. This study aims to determine demographic, clinical and laboratory investigations of all the suspected cases of dengue fever and comparison of two commercial tests routinely useful in diagnosis of dengue fever. This study was conducted to determine seropositivity of dengue samples in patients suspected of dengue illness and to compare immunochromatographic card test (ICT) test and IgM ELISA test.Methods: A total of 702 serum samples from patients with suspected dengue infection were included and the study was undertaken at department of microbiology at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad from July to December 2021. All samples were subjected to rapid ICT and confirmed by dengue IgM-capture ELISA.Results: Out of 702 cases suspected of dengue, 85 (12%) samples were positive by IgM ELISA method. The most affected age group was 21-40 years with 55 cases (64.3%) were positive, followed by the age group 0f 0-20 years with 25% of the cases. Males were affected more than females with a percentage of 54% and 46% respectively. The highest number of suspected dengue patients admitted was in the month of September, i.e., 140 with 16 positive (14.81%) followed by August 122 samples (12.16%) and October 110 samples with 14 (11.03%) positive. The sensitivity and specificity of ICT was 95.5% and 100% when compared with IgM-ELISA.Conclusions: Dengue cases were more during August to November in the monsoon and post monsoon season which is useful to plan special preventive strategies. This study draws attention toward the male, young and adult age group. To conclude, in countries lacking infrastructure for the diagnostic labs especially in the rural and remote areas, the rapid dengue ICT tests can play a major role in diagnosis and in patient management of acute dengue infection. The rapid ICTs are very simple, easy to perform, and can be used as point of care tests. We suggest that the rapid ICT for dengue detection may be used in patients presenting with febrile illness.