A total of 1010 urine specimens obtained from General Practitioners, drug dependency units, and hospitals throughout the West Midlands were screened using the Microgenics CEDIA 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) assay as a means of establishing its effectiveness as a screening technique to monitor heroin abuse. A total of 282 specimens screened positive for 6-MAM using the CEDIA 6-MAM assay. However, the presence of 6-MAM could not be confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 21 (7%) of the CEDIA-positive specimens. Morphine was identified in all of these specimens at free concentrations ranging between 410 microg/L to 2010 microg/L. The data presented from this preliminary investigation suggests that either there are substances present within the urine specimens, as yet undetermined, which are interfering with the assay or that there may be a greater degree of cross reactivity to other opiates than previously published. 6-MAM assays may be potentially useful rapid screening techniques for high-throughput drugs-of-abuse screening laboratories performing employment and pre-employment screening. However, all positive results will still need to be confirmed by a more sensitive and specific technique.

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Bats are the second most species of mammals after rodents. In this paper we reported diversity and roosting site of bats in the Girwa tehsil of Udaipur district, Rajasthan recorded from November 2007 to February 2009. Various surveys were performed in the tehsil to identify roosting sites of bats. After identification of the site, bat species were identified and numbers were counted each month. A total of six Micro chiropteran bat species belonging to five families were recorded in Girwa tehsil during the study period. The highest number of individuals of Rhinopoma microphyllum was recorded in Girwa tehsil. Variety of habitats and availability of surface water in good quantity throughout year may be a key factor for such good number of bat species in this tehsil.

The agro-industry generates a large amount of waste. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, β-glucans etc. These compounds have certain biological activities that are associated with improvements in health. An approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The use of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture provide an added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the wellbeing of organisms through nutrition. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes and their application in aquaculture is addressed in this paper.