Introduction: Pregnancy is characterized by sequence of dynamic physiological changes that impact on multiple organ system functions and is associated with various changes in pulmonary anatomy and physiology. The aim of the study was to see whether any changes occur in pulmonary function tests in the three trimesters of pregnancy as compared with that of' control group. Material & Methods: A case control study of the pulmonary function tests were carried out in different trimester of pregnancy, on 70 normal pregnant women from 16 to 30 years attending antenatal clinic at Govt. Medical College, Nanded. Four respiratory parameters FVC, FEV1, FEV3, MVV & PEFR were determined in both, 70 pregnant women as cases & control group of 30 non-pregnant women of same age groups, Using computerized Medspiror instrument. Results: Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and mean residual Volume (RV) in the pregnant subjects as the pregnancy advances reaching its maximum decrease by the end of III trimester. Mean Tidal Volume progressively increased as pregnancy advances reaching its maximum value at term , there is a gradual increase in the mean Minute Volume (MV) of the pregnant subjects as they proceed to term when compared with the controls. The mean Vital Capacity (VC) of the subjects in the I trimester pregnancy showed a non significant increase of 3.48 % The same parameter relating to the subjects in the II and III trimester pregnancy showed a statistically significant increase of 3.50 % and 8.60% respectively as compared with control subjects. Conclusion: Comparative study of pulmonary function tests on different trimesters of pregnancy showed that respiratory parameters were significantly compromised during pregnancy, There were decrease in respiratory parameters from first to third trimesters of pregnancy may be due to poor nutrition because all the subjects coming from middle class and poor socioeconomic status

Introduction: Induction of labour should be safe for both the mother and baby that is a method with short induction delivery interval, absence of side effects and conveniences for both the patients and medical staffs. A lamp of success was lit with the introduction of prostaglandins, one of the factor that influences successful induction of labor. Material & methods: A case control study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology in tertiary care teaching hospital of North India. A total 100 patients were taken in two groups, 50 patients of study group were induced with two doses of PGE2 gel, 6 hours apart and 50 patients of control group were induced with single dose of PGE2 gel given intracervically. Results: In this study age group of the patients ranges from 18-35 years and the parity was up to para 4. It was evident that major indication of induction of labor was PIH and post dated pregnancies. All the patients had Bishop score 4 or less indicating an unripe cervix. There was significant increase in mean Bishop score after second dose instillation in study.ie 6.84 as compared to control group where second dose were not instilled. Mean induction delivery interval in study group is 13.14 hrs as compared to controls 16.37 hrs. 25 out of 50 patients in study group delivered within 12 hrs as compared to 6 out of 50 patients in control groups. Conclusion: The above study concluded that intracervical double dose of PGE2 gel is significantly effective for pre induction cervical ripening and 94% of patients went into labor spontaneously without requiring stimulation by other oxytosis.

Background: Acute urinary tract infection is stressful situation for women. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections are considered to be the most common bacterial infection in women. For treating these uncomplicated UTIs, susceptibility is of critical importance in selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent. Material and Methods: A case control study carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology in tertiary care teaching institute in north India. Total 100 female non pregnant patients aged 18 -65 years with acute uncomplicated UTI were taken in two groups each having 50 cases. The 50 patients of study group were given single 3 gram dose of fosfomycin trometalol orally, while the 50 patients of control group were given 100 mg tab of nitrofurantoin twice daily after food for 7 days, treated on OPD basis, Clinical and microbiological reassessment performed in 7-8 days after the start of treatment and long term follow up at one month from the start of the treatment were done. Results: Mean age of the patients in fosfomycin group was 31.6 years and in nitofurantoin group was 33.8 years. The most frequently isolated microorganism in both the groups were E coli 88% and 86 % respectively based on antibiotic susceptibility of all uropathogens, fosfomycin (91.8%) was the most active antibiotic followed by nitrofurantoin (91.2%) and norfloxacin. Bacterial eradication after 7 days follow up was obtained in 90 % in fosfomycin group as compared to 85% in control group. And long term follow up at one month gave eradication in 81 % in fosfomycin group as compared to 80 % in nitrofurantoin group. Conclusion: This study concludes that fosfomycin trometalol in a single 3-4 gram dose is as effective as 7 day regimen of nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women. So based on comparable microbiological cure and cost effectiveness and less adverse effects, we conclude that single dose fosfomycin trometalol is a good alternative in the treatment of women with acute uncomplicated UTI.