Background. A father and adolescent relationship is one of the most significant andinfluential relationships in an adolescent’s life. Father’s absence due to migration and itsresulting consequences have been little addressed In the academic arena of south Asiancontext specially in Pakistan . This study was designed to examine whether the adolescent’sperception of migrant father attachment is associated with externalizing-internalizing problemsand further investigated mediating and moderating process underlying this effect.Method. A cross sectional study was conducted in which 400 left-behind adolescents, aged 13to 18, girls (n= 174) boys, (n= 226) were recruited from different schools and colleges of twodistricts, Rawalpindi and Poonch Azad Kashmir. Data was completed through self-reportmeasures.Result. Results of the study revealed that migrant-father attachment, family functioning andmother nurturance are negatively linked to externalizing-internalizing problems. Moreover,family functioning significantly mediated the relationship between migrant-father attachmentand externalizing-internalizing problems. In addition, the results revealed that mothernurturance significantly moderated the conditional indirect effects of father attachment onexternalizing-internalizing problem through family functioning among left-behind adolescents.Moreover, significant mean differences were found between age and family system onexternalizing-internalizing problems.Conclusion. The study findings highlight the importance of attachment between migrantfathers and adolescents to enhance their family functioning and consequently to decrease theirexternalizing-internalizing problems in the absence of their father.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.