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Clinical epidemiology focuses on issues relevant to clinical medicine, representing a distinctive field that converts clinical practice into a quantitative science. Public health epidemiology is the basis of knowledge about how to prevent and treat disease in populations. Clinicians are concerned with diagnosing disease, making a prognosis, and prescribing specific treatment for each patient. Epidemiologists seek to identify a specific source of infection, mode of transmission, or causative factors in order to identify future trends and specifically recommend control measures. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is both a challenge and a consensus for clinicians and epidemiologists. Through this article, we review the challenges and consensus of epidemiologists and clinicians on evidence-based medicine towards a future consensus development for the goal of medical ethics (Medical ethics ME) with the spirit of “All for One, One for All”.

Medical ethics (ME) is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the event of any confusion or conflict. ME is particularly relevant in decisions regarding involuntary treatment and involuntary engagement. To practice medical ethics with many challenges from the patient's right to autonomy, the patient's beneficence and non-maleficence, the patient's justice are included. Now, however, evidence-based medicine (EBM) is as important in the developing world as it is in the developed world. Evidence-based practice medicine is one of the ways to reduce health and knowledge gaps significantly. Patient autonomy is done after being explained by the physician based on the EBM. The other three principles also depend on EBM from weak level, average level to strong level. EBM meets the needs, the demands of all four principles of medical ethics. Through this article, the challenges of ME are highlighted below and we introduce ME that can be classified into 4 levels as in the 4 levels of EBM to contribute to an effective balance in the practice of ME.

Useful vision after cataract surgery and implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) depends on surgical techniques, measurement of refractive parameters as well as adaptation of the patient. (neural adaptation). Multifocal or progressive lenses, if used prior to cataract surgery, are relatively more adaptable. Results of visual acuity after IOL implantation surgery depends on surgical techniques, on setting the correct refraction first and then the quality of the IOL after, lastly on adaptation of the patient (neural adaptation). The IOL manufacturing process of different brands is not the same and it is recommended to use the same brand IOL for both eyes Identification of multifocal IOLs through bio microscopy is essential for both doctors and patients in using it. The objective of this paper is to note some characteristics of lens aberrations, types of IOL and surgical selection procedures with IOL for better vision.

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