Background: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life during which pubertal development and sexual maturation take place, thus making physiological development a challenge adolescents have to face. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge towards menstruation among adolescent girls. Menstrual hygiene and management is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. Objective: This study was done to assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstruation among school going adolescents. Methods: A descriptive study was done among sixty-one female adolescents of Shree Himali Secondary School, Panchkanya, Sunsari, where data were collected from the adolescents meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: It was found that 36.1% correctly reported about menstruation where most common informant was mother (39.3%). Dysmenorrhoea was the commonest problem faced during menstruation (78.7%) followed by back pain and excessive blood loss. More than half of respondents (54.1%) used sanitary pads and frequency of changing pads twice a day was highest (50.8%). Initial reaction was of fear/apprehension at menarche by 36.1% of girls whereas 44.3% perceived it as an expectant process. Girls still faced different types of restrictions like not being allowed to visit holy places, not being allowed to cook and touch male family member etc. Conclusion: Traditional beliefs regarding menstruation still persist and menstrual hygiene among the adolescents was found to be unsatisfactory. It highlights the need of targeted interventions to raise awareness and provision of family health education package to all girls. Menstrual hygiene is an issue that needs to be addressed at all levels.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College Vol. 2, No. 3, Issue 5, Jul.-Sep., 2013 Page: 117-121DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i3.9962Uploaded date : 3/4/2014

Introduction: Nutrition is one of the key factors that affects every sphere of human health. Its effect on physical and cognitive development is vital for performance and productivity especially among the children and adolescents. Hemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) are key factors to assess the nutritional status among adolescents.  Objectives: This study aims to examine the nutritional status and its associated factors among school-going adolescents Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted with sample size 810 involving 11 to 17 years’ school going adolescents in Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Multistage probability sampling technique was used to draw the sample and pre-designed structured questionnaire and standard measurement tools were used to assess the nutritional status. Ethical approval and written informed consent were taken from concerned authorities. Data were entered in EPI Data and analyzed by SPSS. Chi-square test was used to find association. Results: Among 810 adolescents, 52.5 % were females and 47.5 % were males. The mean age of participants was 14.5 years. Mean hemoglobin and BMI were measured 11.13 mg/dl with SD 1.57 and 18.87 with SD 2.79 respectively. Variation measured significant by sex, ethnicity, parents’ education, family type and ecological belts for BMI (p<.05). Similarly, age, sex, ethnicity, property index, parents’ education and occupation were significantly associated with hemoglobin (p<.05). Conclusion: The low BMI as well asanemia were widely prevalent among school-going adolescents in Eastern part of Nepal. The females had better BMI than males but males were less anemic than females.

Introduction: The public health relevance of mental health conditions including behavioural problems in children and adolescents has been a growing concern over the past decades. There are negligible studies found in mental health domains of adolescents in developing countries; studies with regional or national coverage are lacking in Nepal. Therefore, present study has been designed to explore the magnitude and risk factors of behavioral disorders among adolescents. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of behavioral disorders and its determinants among school going adolescence in Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Methodology: The study adopts analytical cross-sectional design with sample size 1500 involving 11 to 17 year school going adolescents and carried out in Eastern Development Region of Nepal during August to December 2016. Multistage probability sampling technique was used to draw the sample and validated self-report SDQ was used to estimate the behavioral problems. Ethical approval was taken from ERB of Nepal Health Research Council. Written informed consent was taken from each participant before collecting the information. Collected information were entered using Epi Data software and processed to SPSS version 16 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out. Results: The prevalence of total (overall) behavioral problem was found among 35.0 % adolescents. While classifying, 13.3% were suffering from emotional disorder, 11.20% from conduct problem, 7.2% from hyperactivity/inattention, 4.9% from peer relationship problem and 2.1% from prosocial activities. In multivariate analysis, female adolescents, adolescents of uneducated or less educated parents (less than 10+2), residing in mountain ecological belt and adolescents without parents (dead or separated) were found positively associated with behavioral disorders. Conclusion: Total behavioral problem was found among 35.0% adolescents. adolecents of less educated parents, female sex, Mountain ecological belt and those without parents were more vulnerable to behavioral problem. Therefore, parental care seems to be very much essential to reduce the behavioural problems among children.

Key Clinical Message Fahr's disease, a rare motor and neurocognitive condition, is characterized by idiopathic calcification of basal ganglia. This article presents such case of 61‐year‐old female, exhibiting movement, speech, and swallowing difficulties with multiple calcifications in brain in NCCT. Early and supportive management can lead to improved outcomes and prevent unnecessary interventions.