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Fibro-osseous lesions (FOL) represent a varied group of entities in which the normal bone is replaced by cellular fibrous tissue containing mineralized foci that may vary in amount and appearance.These group of lesions predominantly affects the jaws and craniofacial bones. According to Waldron 1993, FOL includes three major groups namely fibrous dysplasia, cemento-osseous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma. FOL show considerable overlapping in the clinical, radiographic and histological features, and so a thorough knowledge of these lesions is mandatory for interpretation and appropriate diagnosis. This article documents the clinical, radiographic and histological features of three cases of FOL and discusses the considerations related to diagnosis.

Introduction: Menopause is a natural process in life of women often associated with hormonal changes. It affects oral health by influencing the growth of bacteria and plaque, which can cause tooth decay and gum disease. Menopause can alter salivary pH by reducing estrogen levels, which may lead to dry mouth, inflammation, and increased risk of infections. Therefore, it is important for women in menopause to monitor their salivary pH and maintain good oral hygiene habits. However, there is contradictory evidence about the level of salivary pH and oral symptoms. The present study was carried out to assess the oral findings and salivary pH in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: The study was carried out on 60 patients who reported to the Department of oral medicine and radiology and were divided into two groups consisting of 30 patients each. Group 1: premenopausal women with no known systemic illness and deleterious habits. Group 2: postmenopausal women. Results: Salivary pH is higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Both pre and postmenopausal women have oral symptoms such as dry mouth, facial pain, and ulcerative lesions, but they are more frequent in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Menopause affects the oral health and salivary pH of women. Postmenopausal women are more prone to oral diseases and have lower salivary pH than premenopausal women. Salivary pH may be used as a biomarker for oral health status in postmenopausal women.

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