This cross-sectional study compares the cost and effectiveness of 3 posttreatment strategies for surveillance of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal cancer.

On the basis of the results of our study, we conclude that positive Bcl-2 expression may be an indicator of poor prognosis in oral cancer and precancer.

Oral myiasis is a rare pathology and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesions, and severe halitosis. It arises from invasion of body tissues or cavities of living animals by maggots or larvae of certain dipterian flies. It is mostly reported in developing countries and in the tropics. We hereby report a rare case of oral myiasis in a 70-year-old female with extensive necrotic oral lesion burrowing into the hard palate through which numerous live maggots (larvae) and seen emerging out and discuss the definition, etiology, predisposing factors, classification, and management of the same. Furthermore, the life cycle of the causative organism in the present case, that is, Chrysomya bezziana, has also been discussed.

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IntrOductIOnBone mineral density (BMD) is the amount of calcified tissue in a certain volume of the bone. Assessment of mandibular bone mineral density may be considered useful or even necessary, in many clinical situations [1]. Findings of histomorphometric and microradiographic studies show that both cortical and trabecular bone tissues of the mandible undergo changes [2]. This, together with the characteristics of the anatomical structure of the mandible as well as the sufficient thickness of its cortical bone, accounts for the use of the mandible to determine changes in BMD [3]. It is therefore no coincidence that panoramic radiography and radiomorphometric indices used by odontologists for examining the mandible have attracted the clinician`s attention. Panoramic radiomorphometric indices (mandibular cortical width, MCW; panoramic mandibular index, PMI) and radioangular indices (mandibular angle, MA; antegonial angle, AGA) serve as diagnostic criteria that help to select elderly patients with suspected changes in bone mineral density for further BMD testing [4].Quantative ultrasound (QUS) is a promising alternative peripheral technique which is able to assess bone density, its structure, accumulated fatigue, and changes in cortical and trabecular architecture. Because of its low cost, portability and lack of exposure to hazardous ionizing radiation, it is becoming popular. Although various sites can be analysed by QUS, the only recognized site for the clinical use of QUS in osteoporosis management is the heel. The reason for this recognition is the trabecular composition of the calcaneous bone with flat, homogenous and parallel external surfaces. Using heel as the analysis site, researchers have been able to differentiate healthy individuals from individuals with fractures; have detected alterations related to age and menopause; and have been able to identify individuals susceptible to fracture [5].The major limitation associated with QUS and calcaneum as an index for BMD is the paucity of supporting scientific literature. Also, in the studies which have used calcaneum as a site for BMD, the study sample consisted of menopausal women [6], which is not the case in our study. Further, lumbar spine and femur have been used as preferred sites for BMD in the previous literature [7]. However, for lumbar spine and femur as the sites, the gold standard is DEXA [8] but it is associated with risk of radiation exposure [9].With this background, an attempt was made to assess the correlation and comparison between mandibular bone remodeling changes by radio-morphometric and radio-angular measurements and calcaneal bone mineral density as an alternative method to assess bone mineral density to identify the individuals at risk for osteoporosis and fractures, and also for dental treatment planning. MAterIAls And MethOdsFifty normal healthy individuals (25 males and 25 females) within the age range of 25-55 years, who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology for dental treatment and were indicated for digit...