The design of small water reservoirs in Slovakia and neighbouring countries has common origins in the middle of the last century. Most of them were an alternative source of water for irrigation of field crops. Nowadays, we have to face new problems, such as the problems with the design of hydrological data and real current discharges, the problems with original and new design of the flood wave for the solution of the safety overflow. All of Q 100 flows recorded nowadays are much higher than those which had been designed and built. The safety overflows no longer answer the purpose of the contemporary flows. The problems with the Framework Directive are also importantsmall water reservoirs are not resolved in the Directive as the water bodies of stagnant water because they have an area of less than 0.5 km 2. The same problem is also with the preservation of continuity of the flow and the fact that they should let the fish pass. Unfortunately, the state, administrators of small dams, operators and nature conservationists have different points of view on the above-mentioned problems. The article elaborates these problems and suggests possible solutions to the problems.

Central Asian rivers are rich in sediments that affect the construction of hydrotechnical constructions. In this article the influence of sediments on water quality and amelioration conditions of agricultural fields was analyzed and information was given on possibilities of controlling the sediment flow.

The dynamics of the cultural landscape is associated with the penetration of people into the natural landscape, the settling and adaptation to the needs of the society and its development. Climate creates the decisive influence, specifically the form of extremely high rainfall causing flooding. Adverse impact on the cultural agricultural landscape is mainly the submersion time. This time depends on the configuration of the terrain, its disposition and the existing drainage ditches in the area, ensuring the drainage of the flood to the recipients. Long-lasting floods have stipulated taking measures for the protection of the area from flooding by building dikes and drainage of the flood from the area. Identifying the extent of extreme floods and zones of permanent waterlogging is currently provided by modern technology which allows recording satellite images in different spectral bands. Within the basic distinguishing signs mainly accruing is used and it is possible to track changes of the extent of flooded areas and thus identify problem areas insufficiently protected against long-term flooding. Consequently, it is possible to solve the concept of exploiting such areas to keep them in the structure of PPF or their reclassification in wetland systems with necessary legislative security. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using satellite images in identifying the extent of flooding.

The aim of the paper is to compare biomass production of energy plants and selected crops grown on arable land in the south-western Slovakia in 2007–2014, its energy value and the influence of decisive climatic factors on the size of the production. The data on yields of dominant crops grown in the agricultural farm were obtained from the statistical data of the farm. Aboveground biomass of willows and poplars was harvested at the end of the harvest cycle. Aboveground biomass of Miscanthus sinensis was harvested in 2010–2014, always in early spring period of the following year. Winter wheat, spring barley and maize grown for silage during the period 2007–2014 provided the lowest yields in 2010 and the highest in 2011 and 2014. The highest energy value was obtained from maize in 2014 (400.66 GJ ha−1). The short rotation coppice poplars of Italian provenance yielded biomass with energy value of 951.68 GJ ha−1 year−1 at the end of the first three-year harvest cycle in 2012. The analysis of variance confirmed that there are highly significant statistical differences in the poplar biomass yield among the varieties and individual experimental years. The fast growing willows of Swedish provenance provided aboveground biomass energy value of 868.88 GJ ha−1 year−1 at the end of the first four-year harvest cycle in 2011. The biomass production of the perennial grass Miscanthus sinensis, depending on the growing period, can be expressed by a polynomial trend function. The highest biomass production was obtained in the third growing period (2012). At the end of the fifth growing period (2014), the yield amounted to 28.60 t ha−1 of the dry aboveground biomass. The energy value of the aboveground biomass of Miscanthus reached 486.20 GJ ha−1 in 2014. Differences in the biomass yield of the Miscanthus genotypes are statistically highly significant in each of the monitored growing periods. The growth and production process of the selected energy species reflect the specificities of soil and climatic conditions of the individual growing periods, as well as the ability of individual species and varieties to provide biomass production in the given conditions. Regression analysis of the produced aboveground biomass of the crops grown in the Kolíňany cadastre has not confirmed a statistical dependence in selected climatic parameterss.

At present, climate change is particularly evident in areas heavily used by man. Such localities are mainly urbanized areas. With the increment in urban area and construction related to urban development, the hydrological regime of such sites is disrupted. When the natural character of the surface has changed, where precipitation, evapotranspiration and outflow of water from the area has been balanced, there is now an increase in territories that are impermeable and caused almost 100% runoff. The influence of the built-up area on the temperature increase in urbanized areas in comparison with the surrounding landscape is also known as a thermal island. The identification of the current status and possible potential interventions in the water regime of cities is provided by the possibility of using information obtained from the satellite monitoring of the Earth's surface. The range of areas in urbanized areas contributing to runoff can be ascertained by remote sensing, where in particular using multispectral images, where it is possible to distinguish surface characteristics using LAI and controlled image classification. At the same time, it is possible to identify areas that could be used to create space for rainwater infiltration and its accumulation below the surface. The paper evaluates the extent of changes in land use in Nitra from 1954 to 2017. The growth of areas with minimal infiltration capacity in the area of the Slovak University of Agriculture is identified. Possibilities of use of rainwater and their accumulation in the monitored area are analyzed.