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Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), commonly called Indian gooseberry, belonging to family Euphorbiaceae, is one of the oldest known indigenous fruit tree species with wide distribution, reflecting its adaptation to wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions. It is an important fruit owing to its nutritional, therapeutical, and postharvest and industrial value. Various pharmaceutical attributes of aonla have been described in ancient treatise either in combined formulation or alone. In a bid to better utilize and improve the present genetic resource, there is a need to apprehend and appreciate the studies related to use, centre of origin and diversity, as well as the characterization, evaluation and conservation, taxonomy and systematics, phenology, floral biology and pollination. In addition to basic biology of plant, agro-techniques, propagation, canopy architecture, physiological disorders, insect-pests and diseases and their management practices, etc. have been used to conserve aonla germplasm as well as improve its production. An attempt has been made to cover aforementioned aspects with respect to aonla in this review article.

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Farmers have no alternative but to adopt high-density planting for enhancing fruit productivity level and profitability with the shrinking land resources and smaller land holding sizes. The highest yield of 16 t ha -1 followed by 10.0 t ha -1 and the least of 5.5 t ha -1 was recorded from 400, 267 and 100 trees ha -1 , respectively from 19 yrs old Dashehari mango orchard in sandy loam soils at research farm of ICAR-CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow. Planting density systems (1600, 800, 400, 266, 178 and 100 trees ha -1 ) also impacted soil properties. Water holding capacity varied between 16.6 to 26.1 % across systems while porosity ranged from 46.2-71.5 %. Likewise, bulk density and particle density had values of 1.2 to1.7 and 2.2 to 2.9 g cm -3 respectively. The mean soil organic carbon content was 0.38%, pH of 7.2, available N, P, K was 66.92, 13.91 and 77.85 mg kg -1 respectively. Soil and leaf micronutrients analyzed across six different density systems showed wide variations and indicated the need for optimum nutrient management. Significant and positive correlations were recorded between soil organic carbon with other soil properties. The study revealed that medium density system (400 trees ha -1 ) is to be practiced at farmers' field.