severe cases of pneumonia started to increase in Wuhan, China, and an agent could not be isolated in the beginning. As of February 7, 2020, it was determined that this virus, which causes fever, cough and intense inflammation in the lungs, is a virus from the Coronaviridae family and named SARS-CoV-2 due to its similar genetic structure with SARS coronavirus. 1,2 The high contagiousness has caused the virus to spread rapidly to different geographical regions of the world and on March 11 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic due to COVID-19 infection (Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019). 3 Although we still do not have enough information about the spread, course, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this viral disease, according to the early period data published by China, it was stated that the disease was not fatal in children. Mortality and morbidity compared to adults are still lower in the pediatric age group, especially under 1 year of age. However, we now know that the children can be seriously affected by 5 Our knowledge on the care and treatment of newborn babies in the prenatal, natal and postnatal periods is updated in the later stages of the pandemic. In this article, current recommendations are made regarding the treatment and management of newborns in the perinatal period (Fig. 1). MethodThe articles published in English and Turkish between March 2020 and June 2021 were searched in Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases using the keywords COVID-19 and newborn, perinatal period, vertical transmission, pregnancy, breastfeeding and vaccines. The updated information and

Transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity (THOP) is a disorder encountered particularly in extremely low birth weight and preterm newborns. In recent years, the survival rates of these babies have increased, owing to the advances in neonatal care, thereby increasing the incidence of THOP. Controversies about the management of this disorder still continues while accompanying morbidites may create difficulties in the treatment of these patients. A preterm baby boy, born at 25 6/7 gestational weeks with a birthweight of 665 g who developed short bowel syndrome after necrotizing enterocolitis surgery and who was treated with rectal levothyroxine, is presented.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19); It was more devastating in people with comorbidities such as advanced age and immunodeficiency. Another group affected by COVID-19 was pregnant women. Immunological changes during pregnancy and conditions such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia that occur during pregnancy also have effects on the fetus. Objective: We aimed to analyze the effects of PCR-proven COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on fetus and newborn. Study Design: Data from pregnant women with COVID-19 symptoms or a history of contact with people with COVID-19 who were infected with PCR-proven COVID-19 virus between December 2019 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data of pregnant women were analyzed. Death data associated with -19 were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory findings of newborns related to COVID-19 and mortality data related to COVID-19 were recorded. Results: 327 pregnant women whose births were terminated by continuing their follow-up in our hospital were evaluated. 185 (56.6%) of the pregnant women had at least one COVID-19-related symptom. Thoracic computed tomography of ten cases included COVID-19 findings. Fifty-three (16.2%) pregnant women were over 35 years old. No significant difference was found between pregnancy over 35 years of age and maternal death. The rate of hospitalization in the intensive care unit of mothers with diabetes was statistically higher (p=0.034). The mortality rate was higher in preeclamptic mothers (p=0.029). A total of 34 infants died; 21 died in the intrauterine period and 13 died in the postnatal period. 5 of the neonatal deaths were due to COVID-19. Conclusion: While COVID-19 infection in pregnancy seriously affects mortality and morbidity in pregnant women, it also causes mortality and morbidity on the fetus.

Introduction There is limited information about problems of feedback inhibition of lactation which should be considered as a rare cause of breast engorgement. We report the management of excessive breast engorgement in a mother with a presumptive diagnosis of a defect in the feedback inhibition of lactation. Main issue The participant, who had been discharged on postpartum Day 2 while breastfeeding her infant, was readmitted to the hospital the next day with engorgement of the breasts and cessation of milk flow. Pumping and application of cold dressings alone did not work effectively. The severity of the symptoms decreased only after the addition of an anti-inflammatory drug and a prolactin inhibitor. Management The participant received breastfeeding counseling, family-centered care, and support for pumping equipment. An anti-inflammatory drug was started and a low dose prolactin inhibitor was given. The difficulty was the management of extensive and painful breast engorgement and the re-establishment of milk flow. At postpartum Day 14, the participant and her infant were discharged with effective breastfeeding status. Conclusions The recognition of a problem in the feedback inhibition of lactation as a cause of breast engorgement is important because it may be unresponsive to classical treatment methods resulting in cessation of milk flow. With the cautious use of low-dose cabergoline, in addition to other treatment strategies, milk flow can be reduced in a controlled manner while ensuring the continuity of milk production. An early diagnosis, interdisciplinary approach, and a close follow-up of the mother–infant pair are essential for preserving lactation.

Objective: About 20% of lipomas are seen in the head and neck region among which oral lipomas constitute only 1-4%. Our aim was to investigate oral lipomas from two institutes in Turkey. Study design: Pathology material including reports and slides between 2007 and 2014 were retrieved. Results: Eight cases of oral lipomas were detected emphasizing this rare entity. Conclusion: Lipoma is one of the benign mesenchymal tumors which rarely occur in the oral mucosa. Intraoral lipoma should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of intraoral lesions.