Anguillid eels are widely acknowledged for their ecological and socio-economic value in many countries. Yet, knowledge regarding their biodiversity, distribution and abundance remains superficial—particularly in tropical countries such as Indonesia, where demand for anguillid eels is steadily increasing along with the threat imposed by river infrastructure developments. We investigated the diversity of anguillid eels on the western Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java using automated molecular classification and genetic species delimitation methods to explore temporal patterns of glass eel cohorts entering inland waters. A total of 278 glass eels were collected from monthly samplings along the west coast of Sumatra and the south coast of Java between March 2017 and February 2018. An automated, DNA-based glass eel identification was performed using a DNA barcode reference library consisting of 64 newly generated DNA barcodes and 117 DNA barcodes retrieved from BOLD for all nine Anguilla species known to occur in Indonesia. Species delimitation methods converged in delineating eight Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), with A. nebolusa and A. bengalensis being undistinguishable by DNA barcodes. A total of four MOTUs were detected within the glass eel samples, corresponding to Anguilla bicolor, A. interioris, A. marmorata, and A. nebulosa/A. bengalensis. Monthly captures indicated that glass eel recruitment peaks in June, during the onset of the dry season, and that A. bicolor is the most prevalent species. Comparing indices of mitochondrial genetic diversity between yellow/silver eels, originating from several sites across the species range distribution, and glass eels, collected in West Sumatra and Java, indicated a marked difference. Glass eels displayed a much lower diversity than yellow/silver eels. Implications for the management of glass eel fisheries and species conservation are discussed.

HighlightThe highest composition was Bacillariophyceae class and lowest was Cyanophyceae.Phytoplankton community abundance in waters is tightly related with nutrient content such as phosphate, nitrate, silicate, and other nutrients.Relation between abundance, biomass, and nutrients in Mamberamo river had the same pattern throughout February, May, and August in 2016.High biomass in an area related positively with phytoplankton abundance in its area.AbstractMemberamo River in Papua Province, that is a place of livelihood for the surrounding population, has a high biodiversity. This study aimed to provide information about the condition of the waters in the Mamberamo River by using biological and chemical parameters, namely community and phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a content. The method used in determining the location was purposive random sampling based on differences in microhabitat that conducted in February, March, August, and October 2016. Phytoplankton observations were carried out through the method of sweeping Sediment Rafter (SR), and phytoplankton biomass obtained from chlorophyll-a. The results of this study showed three classes of phytoplankton were found, namely Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. The highest class of abundance was found in the river such as Bacillariophycea Chlorophyceae, and Cyanophyceae respectively. The chlorophyll-a concentration of phytoplankton biomass ranged from 2.01-548.73 mg/l and equation obtained from regression analysis between abundance and chlorophyll-a content was y = 1.2206 x – 0.7702 with a coefficient of determination r = 0.68. It could be concluded that the high phytoplankton biomass had a positive relationship with the chlorophyll-a content and the condition of the waters of the Mamberamo River is still categorized as good with good water fertility

Abstract. Implementation failure is widely acknowledged as a major impediment to the success of water resource plans and policies, yet there are very few proactive approaches available for analysing potential implementation issues during the planning stage. The motivations and abilities (MOTA) framework was established to address this planning stage gap, by offering a multi-stakeholder, multilevel approach to evaluate the implementation feasibility of plans and policies. MOTA is a stepwise process focusing on the relationship between trigger, motivation and ability. Here we outline the base model of the MOTA framework and review existing MOTA applications in assorted water resource management contexts. From our review, we identify the strengths and limitations of the MOTA framework in various institutional implementation and social adoptability contexts. Our findings indicate that the existing MOTA base model framework has been successful in identifying the motivations and abilities of the stakeholders involved in a range of bottom-up water resource planning contexts and in subsequently providing insight into the types of capacity- or consent-building strategies needed for effective implementation. We propose several complementary add-in applications to complement the base model, which specific applications may benefit from. Specifically, the incorporation of formal context and stakeholder analyses during the problem definition stage (Step 1) could provide a more considered basis for designing the latter steps within the MOTA analyses. In addition, the resolution of the MOTA analyses could be enhanced by developing more nuanced scoring approaches or by adopting empirically proven ones from well-established published models. Through setting the base model application, additional add-in applications can easily be added to enhance different aspects of the analysis while still maintaining comparability with other MOTA applications. With a robust base model and a suite of add-in applications, there is great potential for the MOTA framework to become a staple tool for optimising implementation success in any water planning and policymaking context.