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The availability of coconut shell waste in Rongkop, Gunungkidul has the opportunity to be processed into several products, including liquid smoke products, in one month production requires ± 1000 coconuts to be made. Liquid smoke is obtained from smoke condensation in the pyrolysis process. The liquid smoke contains phenol group compounds, acid groups, and carbonyl groups such as those found in natural smoke. All three can simultaneously act as antioxidants and antimicrobials as well as providing a distinctive color and flavor effect of smoke on food products. In this study, the pyrolysis process was implemented with variations in the heating temperature at 200°C; 250°C; 300°C with 8 hours of cooking time, and 1-5 cm of coconut shell size, 5.87% moisture content with 5 kg process capacity. This pyrolysis process produces a dark brown liquid with an average pH value of 3. Each of the pyrolysis liquid fumes is analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry to determine the chemical components inside. From the results showed, there were 16 chemical components identified at 200°C, the largest component was Acetic acid at 51.6%, 30 chemical components were identified at 250°C, the largest component was Acetic acid 50.88%, 48 chemical components were identified at 300°C, and the largest component Acetic acid at 39.98%.

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Cellulose is a versatile polymer which can be extracted from various agricultural waste. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre (SPF) is one of potential cellulose source. The cellulose extraction from SPF was conducted by alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (10%) and peroxide treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution (5, 10, 15%). The alkaline treatment was supposed to remove most of hemicellulose and some of lignin. The following peroxide treatment aimed to remove remaining lignin. The results of each step were analyzed its composition, visual appearances, colour and morphological aspect. The results showed that increasing of H2O2 solution concentration not only tends to increase cellulose content and whiteness but also reduce the diameter size of fibre which indicates the removal of impurities (hemicellulose and lignin) from the fibre. In conclusion, cellulose was successfully extracted from SPF by alkaline treatment followed by peroxide treatments which the best result was in condition of 15% H2O2 solution concentration.

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