Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi parasit darah pada sapi (Babesia spp., Theileria spp., dan Trypanosoma spp.) secara molekular berdasarkan analisis duplex PCR. Seratus sampel darah sapi perah Friesian Holstein diambil secara acak untuk deteksi parasit darah dengan pemeriksaan ulas darah. Sebanyak tiga puluh dari seratus sampel diseleksi untuk analisis PCR single berdasarkan jenis parasit dan tingkat parasitemia yang terdiri dari 5 sampel positif Babesia spp, 15 sampel positif Theileria spp., dan 10 sampel negatif parasit darah untuk dilanjutkan pada tahap PCR single. Optimasi PCR single dilakukan menggunakan tiga primer spesifik untuk B. bovis (Bover2A), T. annulata (Cytob 1) dan T. evansi (ITS 1). Hasil optimasi PCR single menunjukan bahwa suhu anneling 56 °C merupakan suhu optimal untuk deteksi Babesia bovis dan T. evansi sedangkan T. annulata tidak menunjukan hasil positif pada kondisi tersebut. Hasil analisis PCR single menunjukan 28 sampel positif B. bovis, 1 sampel positif T. evansi, 1 sampel negatif semua parasit darah dan 0 sampel positif T. annulata sehingga hanya B. bovis dan T. evansi yang dilanjutkan ke tahap analisis duplex PCR duplex. Teknik duplex PCR berhasil dioptimasi dengan dilakukannya modifikasi penambahan MgCl2 (25 μM) sebanyak 0.5 L/tube sehingga dapat diaplikasikan untuk mendeteksi parasit darah B. bovis dan T. evansi pada sampel di lapang
<em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> is one of blood protozoans having the most wide distribution region compared to other Trypanosome species. The parasite causes trypanosomiasis known as Surra. The disease may cause mortality to the infected animals. In general <em>T evansi</em> only attack animal and cannot infect humans due to apolipoprotein 1 (Apo L-1) in human serum. The protein possess trypanolitic activity feature against <em>T. evansi</em> and effectively eliminates the protozoa. However, the knowledge of Surra infecting animals changed because there were atypical human trypanosomiasis cases reported in some countries due to <em>T. evansi</em>. The human Surra case occurred in Vietnam demonstrated that person with Apo L-1 could be infected by <em>T. evansi</em>. There was resistant strain of <em>T. evansi</em> found which able to disrupt human immune system. This paper will discuss Surra cases in both humans and animals, including mechanism of Apo L-1 on eliminating the parasite. Surra cases in human and animal should be seriously concerned because Surra could be pontential zoonosis threating human health.
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