Objective: To compare and analyze the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods among students from public and private schools. Methods: Study conducted in Uberlândia, MG, with fifth-grade students from three private and six public schools, selected by stratified cluster sampling. We collected data on food consumption using the 24-hour recall. Foods were classified into four groups (G) according to extent and purpose of processing: fresh/minimally processed foods (G1) culinary ingredients (G2), processed foods (G3), and ultra-processed foods (G4). Total energy intake (kcal) of each group, amount of sugar (g), sodium (mg), and fiber (g) were quantified and compared according to administrative affiliation (private or public). Results: Percentage of total energy intake was: G1 - 52%; G2 - 12%; G3 - 5%; e G4 - 31%. Energy intake from G1 (53 vs. 47%), G2 (12 vs. 9%), and G3 (6.0 vs. 0.1%), and amount of sodium (3,293 vs. 2,724 mg) and fiber (23 vs. 18 g) were higher among students from public schools. Energy intake from G4 (36 vs. 28%) and amount of sugar (20 vs. 14%) were higher among students from private schools. The consumption of foods from G1 in the school environment was higher among students from public schools (40 vs. 9%). Conclusions: Foods from G1 represent the highest percentage of total energy intake, while those from G4 constitute a third of calories consumed. Processed juice, sandwich cookie, processed cake, and breakfast cereals are more frequent among private school students; snacks and juice powder are more common for students from public schools.

Objectives To identify clusters of risk behaviors among Brazilian adults, by sex, and to associate clusters with sociodemographic factors and self-perception of health. Methods We assessed 46,785 adults from the Brazilian National Health Survey. The risk behaviors were low consumption of fruits and vegetables-LFV (\ 5 times/week), physical inactivity-PI (\ 150 min/week), smoking (yes/no) and excessive consumption of alcohol-EA (5 doses for male, 4 doses for female). We used Venn diagram, cluster analysis and multinomial regression models. ResultsWe found 9 clusters. The cluster of four risk behaviors was more common in males (3.2% vs. 0.83%). Despite a greater potential for aggregation of behaviors in females (O/E = 2.48) than in males (O/E = 1.62), the women were less likely to have all risk behaviors jointly (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.19; 0.31), and this was found for the other clusters. In general, Brazilian black/brown, younger, with low education level and who had a self-perception of bad health, were more likely to engage in clusters of risk behaviors. Conclusions The prevalence of Brazilian adults engaging in clusters of risk behaviors is high, mainly among males, those who reported a bad health and with low socioeconomic status.

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são as principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo e todas compartilham quatro comportamentos de risco: baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, inatividade física, tabagismo e consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas. Objetivos: Identificar clusters de comportamentos de risco para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e associá-los com fatores sociodemográficos e autopercepção de saúde. Métodos: Os dados foram originados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013), com uma amostra de 46.785 indivíduos. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, inatividade física, tabagismo e consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas. A avaliação da coexistência dos comportamentos de risco entre o sexo masculino e feminino foi feita através do diagrama de Venn. Para explorar agrupamentos de comportamentos de risco, agregando os indivíduos em subgrupos, foi feita a análise de cluster de acordo com o sexo. Para a associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e autopercepção de saúde foi utilizado a análise de regressão logística. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se que a coexistência de quatro comportamentos de risco foi mais comum no sexo masculino (3,20%) do que no sexo feminino (0,83%). Apesar de um maior potencial de agregação de comportamentos no sexo feminino (O/E = 2,48) do que no sexo masculino (O/E = 1,62), as mulheres apresentaram menor probabilidade de ter todos os comportamentos de risco conjuntamente (OR = 0,13; IC95% = 0,10; 0,17), e isso foi encontrado para os outros clusters. De modo geral, brasileiros negros/pardos, jovens, com baixa escolaridade e com autopercepção de saúde ruim eram mais propensos a participar de agrupamentos de comportamentos de risco. Conclusão: A prevalência de adultos brasileiros engajados em grupos de comportamentos de risco é alta, principalmente entre os homens, aqueles que relataram autopercepção de saúde ruim e com baixo nível socioeconômico. Palavras-chave: Comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Comportamentos de risco à saúde, Doença crônica não transmissível. Cluster. Diagrama de Venn.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of public day care centers employees about breastfeeding and complementary feeding. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 public day care centers randomly selected in the city of Uberlandia, Southeast Brazil. A questionnaire applied to school principals, teachers, educators and general services assistants (GSA) included demographic and socioeconomic variables and questions about knowledge on breastfeeding, complementary feeding besides employees' perceptions about these subjects. Kruskal-Wallis with multiple comparison and chi-square tests were used to compare variables by professional category. RESULTS: 304 employees participated in the study. The highest percentages of correct answers were noted for questions about exclusive breastfeeding: definition - 97% (n=296) and duration - 65% (n=199). Regarding complementary feeding, 61% (n=187) correctly answered about the appropriate age to introduce it, with a lower percentage for meat (56%; n=170) and sugar (16%; n=50). Concerning employees' perceptions, 9% (n=29) believed that there is weak breast milk, 79% (n=241) and 51% (n=157) reported the negative influence of bottle feeding and pacifier use on breastfeeding. Among the interviewed subjects, 77% (n=234) answered that they had a positive influence on the quality of the food given to the children. There were no differences in the answers according to professional category, except for the negative influence of pacifiers on breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Employees of public day care centers knew more about breastfeeding than about complementary feeding. Educational activities about breastfeeding and complementary feeding are necessary for day care centers employees.