Midline Spinal Cord Hamartomas are relatively rare and asymptomatic. These lesions may present with a tethered cord and a normal overlying skin, a skin dimple, a dermal sinus tract or dense collagen. Most patients have few or no neurological symptoms related to them. Microscopically they are composed of mature and well-differentiated ectodermal and mesodermal elements, meningothelial cells, calcification, and even urothelium. We report MRI and histologic features of midline spinal cord hamartomas in six cases.

Xanthoma of bone is a rare benign bone disorder. It radiologically presents as a lytic lesion, often with cortical expansion or disruption, mimics primary bone tumors and metastatic lesions. Histopathological study gives the definitive diagnosis. Xanthoma of bilateral tibia in a normolipidemic patient is rare and not yet reported in literature. Here with we present one such rare case, with review of literature.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a disorder which results from a failure of cleavage or the incomplete differentiation of the forebrain structures at various levels or to various degrees, is related to hereditary factors, chromosomal anomalies, cytogenetic abnormalities, and environmental teratogenic factors. We are reporting a case of a multiparous woman who was G3,P3,L2, who delivered a full term foetus with holoprosencephaly and multiple craniofacial anomalies. An autopsy was conducted. Multiple anomalies of the craniofacial bones, which include hypoplasia and synostosis of the frontal bone, anophthalmia, absence of the anterior cranial fossa, hypoplasia of the maxillae, an absent antrum, cleft palate, a central hare lip and arrhinia which includes absence of the nostrils and hypotelorism of the eye placodes, were noted. This case is being reported for its rarity and the available literature was reviewed in this respect.

Introduction: The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (UGIT) disorders are quite common in routine clinical practice and have high degree of morbidity and mortality. They can be studied by collecting tissue sample by way of fiberoptic endoscope and by subjecting the tissue to histopathological examination. Aim: To study the spectrum of histopathological lesions of UGIT lesions by endoscopy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the Department of Pathology at PSIMS, Chinna Avutapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India, over a period of one year from March 2019 to February 2020 on 160 endoscopic biopsies. All UGIT endoscopic biopsies received were examined histopathologically. The data was entered into excel sheets and percentages and ratios were calculated. Results: Lesions of UGIT were more common in the age groups of 31 to 50 years and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The patient age ranged from 20 years to 78 years. Stomach was the common site for UGIT endoscopic biopsies i.e., 80 (50%) followed by oesophagus 50 (31.2%) and then duodenum 30 (18.7%). At all three sites, non-neoplastic lesions predominated over neoplastic lesions. The gastric malignancies were more common in antral and pyloric regions. Conclusion: Males in the fourth and fifth decades are more prone for UGIT lesions with predominance of chronic non-specific inflammatory conditions as compared to neoplastic conditions. Malignancy within the stomach, more commonly affects the antrum and pylorus. Malignant lesions are very rare in duodenum.

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