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Abstract.Results of radioecological investigations of rodents having different ecological specializationwood and field mice, northern red-backed voles and mole-voles to acute (laboratory experiment) and chronic (long-term inhabiting the East Ural Radioactive Trace -EURT) irradiation are summarized. These species are greatly distinguished by a way of life, a migratory activity, an average life span etc. Numerous immunological, hematological and cytogenetical disturbances were found in more radioresistant wood and field mice and northern red-backed voles inhabiting the EURT zone (density of soil pollution by 90 Sr − 18.5 MBq/m 2 = 500 Ci/km 2 ) as compared with the reference samples. On the contrary there were no pathological shifts in more radiosensitive mole-voles from the more radioactively contaminated site ( 90 Sr − 37 MBq/m 2 = 1000 Ci/km 2 ). The absorbed dozes during the life for the mole-voles from the EURT zone were significantly higher (in 30 times) than these ones for mice and voles. These data testify about the possibility of radioadaptation in a series of generations in mole-voles that developed due to their ecophysiological features and isolation of settlement in the radiocontaminated zone. Mice and voles form a flowing population and slip off the prolonged influence of a damaging factor, this circumstance prevents the development of radioadaptation.

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