For the production of photovoltaic cells, the silicon purity can be intermediate between metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si, 98%–99.9% pure) and electronic grade silicon (>99.9999% pure). This silicon, with intermediate purity and that still meets solar cell requirements, is called upgraded metallurgical grade silicon (UMG-Si). One method of producing UMG-Si is applying a controlled solidification process, like unidirectional solidification (heat exchange method), zone melting (or zone refining), or Czochralski growth to MG-Si. These processes use the impurities solubility difference in solid and liquid silicon known as effective distribution coefficient (K). For these reasons, to study the solidification process, it is necessary to determine K for silicon impurities, which is the objective of this study. MG-Si (99.85% purity or 1500 ppm of impurities) was processed by 1 pass of zone melting at 1 mm/min using an electron beam furnace with water cooled copper crucible. The effective distribution coefficient (K) for impurities with Ko ≤ 10−1 was found to follow the relation K = 0.03 Ko−0.063. For boron, K = 0.8. Impurities with Ko between 10−3 and 10−8 presented similar effective distribution coefficients (K = 0.07 ± 0.02), meaning that the effective distribution coefficient of a specific impurity depends on the total amount of impurities. The measured impurities profiles in silicon were compared with those obtained by Pfann’s equations using the effective distribution coefficients and showed comparative results.
A escória Fe-Cr baixo carbono, é um dos principais resíduos advindos do processo metalúrgico para obtenção de liga de Fe-Cr. Este resíduo não possui aplicação e encontra-se acumulado em pátios, conforme regulamentação de órgãos ambientais. Este trabalho teve por finalidade caracterizar, sob os aspectos químicos e físicos, a escória Fe-Cr baixo carbono, pertencente à Companhia de Ferro e Ligas da Bahia S/A, FERBASA. Também foram realizados ensaios de concentração gravítica com a finalidade de remover a liga de Fe-Cr ainda residual na escória. As amostras da escória, após as etapas de preparação, foram submetidas aos ensaios de classificação granulométrica, FRX, lupa binocular e MEV-EDS. A análise dos resultados obtidos por lupa binocular indicou a existência, na escória, de grãos de quartzo, fragmento de rocha/minério e de fases metálicas e vítreas. As análises químicas revelaram teores de 30% de CaO, 15% de MgO e 12% de Cr2O3, com partículas metálicas contendo os elementos Fe e Cr associados. As investigações realizadas em mesas concentradoras possibilitaram a obtenção de um concentrado com aproximadamente 25% de Cr, sugerindo a reutilização do mesmo no processo siderúrgico de obtenção da liga de Fe-Cr.
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