In the face of a global warming scenario, carbon capture and storage has become an international strategy to mitigate the effect of greenhouse gases. Oceans and Tropical forests are considered the largest carbon sinks in the world, however a few studies have evaluated the relative importance of other plant formations as carbon sinks in the Neotropical Region. This study documents the economic value of carbon capture and storage by five plant formations representative in the Puna Seca of southwestern Peru. Sampling plots were established to estimate the biomass contained in seedlings of Pajonal, Tolar, Bofedal, Yaretal and Queñual, in Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve (Arequipa, Peru). Later, carbon stored and carbon captured as CO 2 was estimated. The Peruvian average carbon exchange price per ton of CO 2 was used for the economic evaluation of environmental services. It was found that the Reserve contains at least 13,507,104.16 equivalent metric tons of CO 2 worth U$D 86,310,395.58. Bofedal was the main vegetal formation that contributed in these values (52.48 %), in spite of being little represented in the total area of the Reserve (2.58 %). It is expected that the economic value obtained will serve as a frame of reference in decision-making for various purposes (environmental awareness, environmental management instruments, national accounting, among others).
RESUMEN La valoración económica de la diversidad biológica ha tenido un gran avance conceptual y metodológico en los años 90. Sin embargo, muy poco se ha logrado en su puesta en marcha para aplicaciones prácticas y generación de políticas públicas en Arequipa, Perú. Por tanto, el presente estudio valoró económicamente la cantidad de fibra de vicuña que se puede obtener de la población de vicuñas que habitan en la Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca (RNSAB). Para ello, se realizaron censos en transectos lineales de ancho variable y se calculó la densidad poblacional de vicuñas. Luego se recopiló información de la Gerencia Regional de Agricultura de Arequipa (GRAG) y se estimó porcentaje promedio de vicuñas esquiladas, peso promedio de fibra que se puede obtener en un animal y precio promedio de un kilo de fibra. Como resultado, se estimó una densidad poblacional de vicuñas de 0.038457 individuos/ha para la RNSAB, y al ser extrapolada a la superficie de la Reserva y la información de la GRAG se obtuvo un valor económico de U$D 384.209,60 por concepto de aprovechamiento de fibra de vicuña. Dicho valor se convierte en un referente para la contabilidad nacional y la generación de instrumentos de gestión ambiental para un aprovechamiento sostenible del recurso natural.
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