The first experience of hybrid operations for obstructive lesions of veins of the iliofemoral segments demonstrated their high efficacy and safety.
Objective: To evaluate the long-term results in endovascular treatment of iliofemoral venous obstructive lesions. Methods: From January 2009 to March 2017, 75 patients were admitted for endovascular treatment of chronic obstructive lesions of the iliofemoral veins. Of these, 60 patients underwent stenting of postthrombotic obstructions and 15 patients stenting of nonthrombotic obstructive lesions of the iliac veins (May-Thurner syndrome in 11, for tumor-induced compression and cicatricial stenosis in 4). Dynamic control of stent patency was carried out by means of duplex ultrasound. Efficacy of endovascular intervention was evaluated by measuring the venous pressure gradient and malleolar circumference. The clinical result was determined by the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Results: Technical success of endovascular intervention in postthrombotic occlusions of iliac vein was 92% and in nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions was 100%. Cumulative primary and secondary patency in postthrombotic lesions at 60 months amounted to 72% and 81%, respectively, in nonthrombotic lesions to 85% (primary patency). Reinterventions were successfully performed in 6 patients including catheter-directed thrombolysis (3 patients) and stenting (3 patients). The mean VCSS score fell from 14.2 (4.2) to 7.5 (2.6; P < .001). The quality of life was improved; its mean score decreased from 62.6 (18.7) to 48.7 (12.8; P < .01). Conclusion: Endovascular angioplasty and stenting for obstructive lesions of the iliofemoral veins is a minimally invasive, safe, and highly effective method of treatment, which is confirmed by a significant improvement of the limb’s condition and good long-term results of patency of the restored venous segments.
Актуальность. Тромбоз глубоких вен нижних конечностей является одним из наиболее распространенных сосудистых заболеваний, которое сопровождается развитием таких грозных осложнений, как тромбоэмболия легочной артерии и посттромботический синдром (ПТС). Цель -оценить эффективность открытой хирургической тромбэктомии при остром подвздошнобедренном венозном тромбозе. Материал и методы. В проспективное когортное исследование были включены 65 пациентов, которым была выполнена трансфеморальная венозная тромбэктомия при остром подвздошнобедренном венозном тромбозе. У 10 пациентов была проведена гибридная операция -тромбэктомия, дополненная баллонной ангиопластикой и стентированием резидуального стеноза подвздошных вен. Контрольную группу составили 44 пациента, получавших стандартную антикоагулянтную терапию. Результаты оценивались с помощью ультразвукового дуплексного сканирования. Оценка клинической эффективности операций проводилась с помощью шкалы VCSS (Venous Clinical Severity Score), шкалы Villalta и шкалы CIVIQ (Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire). Результаты. Вторичная проходимость подвздошно-бедренного сегмента через 6 мес наблюдения после тромбэктомии отмечена в 97% случаев. В то же время у пациентов, получавших только стандартную антикоагулянтную терапию, реканализация подвздошно-бедренного сегмента была зарегистрирована лишь в 27% случаев (р<0,0001). Медиана суммарного показателя по шкале VCSS через 6 мес уменьшилась с 7 до 2 (р=0,002), что свидетельствовало о существенном клиническом улучшении и купировании симптомов ПТС. Кумулятивная первичная и вторичная проходимость подвздошно-бедренного сегмента через 72 мес составила 88 и 95% соответственно. Клинические данные пациентов по шкале Villalta в отдаленном периоде после открытых операций были достоверно ниже, чем у пациентов, получавших только антикоагулянты (р<0,001). Качество жизни пациентов через 6 лет после хирургической тромбэктомии по известной балльной шкале CIVIQ было значительно улучшено: среднее значение баллов уменьшилось с 45,3 (8,6) до 23,6 (6,1), р<0,001. Заключение. Открытая хирургическая тромбэктомия при тромбозе подвздошно-бедренного сегмента по селективным показаниям с использованием совреме нных методов восстановления проходимости глубоких вен повышает эффективность лечения этого тяжелого заболевания и предотвращает развитие выраженных проявлений ПТС.Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Aim. To study the mechanisms of venous return and the functioning features of lower extremity venous valves in horizontal and vertical positions. Methods. The study, conducted from April 2019 to December 2020, included 100 people. The study participants were divided into 2 groups. The first group was represented by 44 patients (88 limbs) with varicose veins, whose venous system was examined by duplex ultrasound scanning during inpatient rehabilitation. The second (control) group consisted of 56 healthy individuals (92 limbs) without visible signs of venous pathology who underwent an outpatient examination of the venous system. The average age of the patients in the two groups was 49.22.4 and 51.11 years, respectively; women predominated in both groups. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of venous blood flow were studied in the study. Venous valvular insufficiency was assessed by using reflux duration and the Psatakis index. A morphometric study was conducted on 140 limbs of 48 human corpses, from which venous fragments were taken for biomechanical studies of the valves. The clinical characteristics of patients are presented by descriptive statistics, quantitative parameters are reported as the mean value (M) and standard deviation (SD). The differences were tested for significance by using the Student's t-test. Results. In the study, we introduced the concept of the valve index, the aspect ratio of the ellipse, the shape of which has a venous valve in cross-section. Duplex ultrasound scanning, as well as a morphofunctional examination of the valves, made it possible to establish that the valve index is significantly higher in the presence of signs of varicose veins, which indicates dilation and incipient varicose vein, which leads to valvular insufficiency. The elasticity index defined by us, as the indicator of change in the venous lumen size, measured by the ratio of its diameters, also significantly (p=0.034) differed in the studied groups: the elasticity index in the group of healthy people was 1.370.11, in the group of patients with varicose veins 1.560.17. The studied factors allowed us to develop a test that has an important prognostic value for the early diagnosis of varicose veins as well as the implementation of preventive health measures. Conclusion. The features of venous blood circulation and valve function studied in the study not only have prognostic value for the early diagnosis of varicose veins but are also of practical interest for developing methods of surgical correction of venous valvular insufficiency.
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