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Until recently, attention has been focused on the pathogenetic aspects of immunological findings in schizophrenic patients. There has been no mention of the relationship between such findings and schizophrenic symptoms. To study the probable relationship between T-cells and T-cell subgroups in the course and prognosis of schizophrenia, immunological and psychopathological parameters were correlated in 55 patients suffering from schizophrenia (ICD-9: 295.0-295.6) or schizoaffective psychosis (ICD-9: 257.7) before neuroleptic treatment. The correlations were performed for a second time in 24 of these patients after clinical improvement at a reinvestigation. Positive correlations of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms with the numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ T-cells (total T- and T-helper cells), which were enhanced compared with controls, were found at the reinvestigation after clinical improvement, whereas no significant correlation could be detected at the pretreatment investigation. These results show that the cellular immune parameters are related to the course of the psychopathological symptoms in schizophrenia and, possibly, are a marker of the therapeutic outcome or neuroleptic treatment.