A review of the scientific literature about treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with the help of the first approved drug from the group of DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin was presented. The effects of the treatment of sitagliptin on carbohydrate metabolism, bone metabolism, evaluation of cardiovascular safety were given.

With using a Raven test, technique of memorization of 10 words and Toulouse-Pieron test was studied cognitive state of adolescents with diffuse nontoxic goitre (DNG), taking into account the state of the thyroid system. It was shown that in the light iodine deficiency 44.7 % of adolescents with DNG have negative changes in the intellectual-mental sphere, mainly due to the disorders of attention, reduce the amount of short-term and long-term memory. Nearly in third of the surveyed adolescents with DNG diagnosed psychological signs of minimal brain dysfunction and decreased the operability. There is a strong relationship between the cognitive function and functional state of the thyroid system. Most negatively thyroid dysfunction affects on the amount of long-term memory and concentration of attention. The authors note the need of diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for examination of children and adolescents with DNG, which would include not only the evaluation of the morphofunctional state of the thyroid gland, but also and evaluation of intellectual-mental sphere, the timely usage of a complex system of medical and psychological rehabilitation, aimed on supporting of cognitive function in patients with this pathology

It has been shown that under conditions of androgen deficiency increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in liver and heart homogenates of 3-month-old rats. After the effects of stress on the background androgen deficiency observed various changes of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. They have tissue-specific and age-related character. Only in the heart of 3-month-old castrated rats observed effect of testosterone on aldehyde dehydrogenase induction under stress. Here there is inhibition of enzyme activity under conditions of administration of testosterone.