Сведения об авторах: Хлызова Татьяна Александровна, заведующий лабораторией энтомологии и дезинсекции Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института ветеринарной энтомологии и арахнологии-филиала Федерального исследовательского центра Тюменского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, кандидат биологических наук Фёдорова Ольга Александровна, научный сотрудник Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института ветеринарной энтомологии и арахнологии-филиала Федерального исследовательского центра Тюменского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, кандидат биологических наук, Сивкова Елена Ивановна, научный сотрудник Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института ветеринарной энтомологии и арахнологии-филиала Федерального исследовательского центра Тюменского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, кандидат биологических наук 625041, г. Тюмень, ул. Институтская д. 2, т.

The article presents materials on the seasonal dynamics of the population of gnat on pasture and farm, shows the feasibility of protecting cattle from these insects both when grazing, and zero grazing, comparative harmfulness in conditional units, and presumed loss of animal productivity. The purpose of the study is to determine the parasitological situation on insects of the gnat complex, the terms of protection depending on the technology of cattle management. One of the topical tasks for the successful development of livestock in the Tyumen region is to eliminate the harm caused by blood-sucking dipterous insects as hematophages and vectors pathogens of a number of dangerous diseases for humans and animals. When zero grazing indoor there is a mass attack of mosquitoes and black gnats on animals from mid-June to the middle of the first decade of July. The main gnat component in the specified time interval is mosquitoes, which have averaged 2.1 cu. The malicious population of gnat as a whole during this period amounted to 2.216 cu, and the estimated loss of productivity of animals — 8.2%.

Having studied the timing of a horseflies daily activity, it is possible to effectively and purposefully apply protective measures during their massive parasitism. The gnus complex consists of mosquitoes (Culicidae), horseflies (Tabanidae), midges (Simuliidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). The factors that determine the high abundance of midges are favorable climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with an abundance of breeding biotopes (reservoirs and swamp formations) and habitat of adults (tree, shrub or tall herbaceous vegetation), as well as the presence of a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals is a source of blood saturation. Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) are widespread in almost all climatic zones of our country. The article examines their daily activity in the Tyumen region during the summer period of 2017. At the beginning of the season (the first decade of June) the flight of the adult horseflies continues from 09:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m., the maximum flight is observed at 02:00-05: 00 p.m., the total duration is 10-12 hours. In the second and third decades of June-July flight begins at 05:00-06:00 a.m., and ends at 09:00-10:00 p.m., maximum - at 02:00-04:00 p.m., the total duration of the daily activity of horseflies is 15-17 hours. In late July-early August, flights start at 06:00-08: 00 a.m., end at 07:00-08:00 p.m., mass flights - at 11: 00-12:00 a.m. and reach a maximum at 12:00-02:00 p.m., total duration – 13-15 hours.

This article summarizes the available literature data and research materials on the dependence of blood-sucking horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) on various abiotic factors, such as: light, air temperature, wind and humidity. In recent years, research on the daily and seasonal activity of horseflies in various territories has significantly expanded. The blood-sucking Diptera "gnats" include Mosquitoes (Culicidae family), horseflies (Tabanidae family), black flies (Simuliidae family) and midges (Ceratopogonidae family). Favorable weather conditions contribute to the emergence of new breeding biotopes (various reservoirs and swamp formations) for the development and reproduction of horseflies and imago habitat, as well as provide for a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals a source of blood. The damage depends on the number of these insects and can adversely affect the health of farm animals and humans due to the transmission of infectious and invasive diseases.

Now the interest of scientists and researchers in dipterous insects considerably increased. Blood-sicking dipterous insects (midges), include in the structure of mosquitoes (Culicidae), gadflies (Tabanidae), midges (Simuliidae) and other insects. The major factors determining the high number of midges are favorable climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with abundance of biotopes of cultivation (various reservoirs and marsh educations) and dwellings of an imago (existence of wood, shrubby or high grassy vegetation) and also presence of enough warm-blooded animals – a saturation source blood. The harm done by gadflies to the person and an animal is very big.